Growing Pains, Hidden Histories

1930s: CFAT re-shapes systems of governance into a corporate model for IHE

1944: GI Bill provides educational benefits for veterans (huge influx of students)

1946: President's Commission on Higher Education. Full equality of educational opportunity. Junior college renamed as community college

1957: Sputnik leads to greater aid for vocational programs at two-year institutions

1960: California Master Plan creates 3 tiered system in higher education,

1960s: Increased federal research funding for DOD, NSF, NASA leads to increased class sizes and discontent for students. Students organize political associations.

1965 and 1966: Higher Ed. Act, Adult Basic Ed. Program, and Allied Health Professions Act directed federal funds to community colleges

1972: Basic Educational Opportunities Grant guaranteed portable financial aid for students

1972: Title IX prohibits discrimination in educational programs

Late 70s to Early 80s: Composition of student body in CC shifts toward older, part-time, working class students interested in voc. ed.

Early 1980s: State programs encourage custom tailored short-cycle training programs for specific businesses

1990s-2010: Persistent growth of for-profit colleges leads to increase in federal loans and high default rates

2000-2010-Re-branding of land-grant universities

John Thelin on higher education in America