Period: Queen Elizabeth I (the virgin queen) (2 h 2 min, 30 sept. 1558 ans – 11 h 26 min, 17 juill. 1603 ans)

Description:

- Smart
- Born: Sep 7th, 1533
- Economy and the arts
- Died: March 24th, 1603 with big success.
- Her sister was catholic
- Take over the throne in 1558
- daughter to Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn (the second wife)

Under her rules:

- The Golden Ages
- Country unified: stability
- England becomes a super power
- Naval power, defeating the Spanish armada

After her death she became
- a national symbol: strong and decisive leader
- Strong will, determination in keeping the power
- Renowned intelligence: well educated
- last of the five monarchs of the house of Tudor

While she worked hard at court, Elizabeth took time for leisurely pursuits. She loved music and could play the lute. Thomas Tallis and William Byrd were among her court musicians. Elizabeth also enjoyed dancing and watching plays. Elizabeth's reign supported the creation of works by such greats as William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe.

In 1558, Elizabeth took the reins of her country after her sister Queen Mary died and ruled until her death in 1603. Elizabeth I inherited a number of problems stirred up by Mary. The country was at war with France, which proved to be a tremendous drain on the royal coffers. There was also great tension between different religious factions after Mary worked to restore England to Roman Catholicism by any means necessary. In fact, she earned the nickname Bloody Mary for ordering the execution of 300 Protestants as heretics.

Elizabeth acted swiftly to address these two pressing issues. During her first session of Parliament in 1559, she called for the passage of the Act of Supremacy, which re-established the Church of England, and the Act of Uniformity, which created a common prayer book. Elizabeth took a moderate approach to the divisive religious conflict in her country. "There is one Jesus Christ," she once said. "The rest is a dispute over trifles." However, Catholics did suffer religious persecution and some were executed under her reign, though historians differ on the extent. The Roman Catholic Church took a dim view of her actions, and in 1570, Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth.

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