Ummayad Caliphate (1 janv. 661 – 1 janv. 750)

Description:

The Umayyad Caliphate, established soon after the civil war that split the Sunni and the Shi'ia Muslims, lasted up until 750, and was primarily Sunni. Its capital was based in Damascus, and as it spread it did not force the people of its new territories to convert, though its secular rule was criticized by many. Its fall, set among growing unrest, was triggered by a bloody massacre at a party. However, survivors shifted the Caliphate to Spain, where it lasted until the reign of Queen Isabella.