Reactions to 19th Century Liberalism (6 mars 1750 – 6 mars 1900)

Description:

Classical Conservatism - Classical Conservatism, also called Traditional Conservatism is a political philosophy emphasizing the need for the principles of natural law and moral order, tradition, hierarchy, unity, classicism, high culture and loyalty. Traditionalism developed throughout 18th century Europe in response to the disorder of the English Civil War and the radicalism of the French Revolution. By the middle of the 20th century it started to organize itself in earnest as an intellectual and political force. The more modern expression of traditionalist conservatism began among a group of U.S. university professors who rejected the beliefs of individualism, liberalism, egalitarianism, modernity and social progress, promoted cultural and educational renewal, and sought to revive interest in the Church, the family, the state and local community.
Socialism - Socialism is a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole. By the late 19th century, after the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, socialism had come to signify opposition to capitalism and advocacy for post-capitalist system based on some form of social ownership by the means of production. With the emergence of the Soviet Union as the world's first nominally socialist state led to socialism's widespread association with the Soviet economic model.
Marxism - Marxist theory originates from the mid-to-late 19th century works of German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Marxism is a philosophy that explores class relations and societal conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and a dialectical view of social transformation. This philosophy is centered around the concept of class struggle and society's allegedly inevitable development from bourgeois oppression under capitalism to a socialist and ultimately classless society. Marxism has never completely worked, as it has not gotten past the step of "Dictatorship of the proletariat", this is most likely due to corruption of power by dictatorship leaders. Sometimes due to the worry that society will crumble if the individual in power steps away from his position, but usually due to a power hungry or oppressive leader. I think it was important for Marxism to occur in order for society to see that this was not a great alternative to liberalism. It allowed for some realization that people want less distinction between classes, but Marxism as a whole should not replace Liberalism because Marxism has never successfully worked when used in the real world.
Welfare Capitalism - Welfare capitalism is capitalism that includes social welfare policies. Welfare capitalism is also the practice of businesses providing welfare services to their employees. This was a slight shift to the left from raw capitalism. This shift was needed to improve capitalism itself, as it allows individuals to have a chance at personal wealth through the means of competitive markets, capital accumulation, and private property, but also have government regulations like firefighters, police, public roadways, basic medical care for individuals with life threatening conditions, and possible access to workers unions.

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