RISE OF TRANSATLANTIC SLAVERY (1 janv. 1500 – 31 déc. 1615)

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The rise of transatlantic slave trade began around 1500 as European powers—including England, Portugal, France, and the Netherlands—sought to profit from a triangular trade system. Ships left Europe loaded with manufactured goods, which they traded in Africa for enslaved people, often captured in local conflicts or punished individuals within African societies. These captives were then forced across the Atlantic in brutal conditions known as the Middle Passage, where disease, overcrowding, and abuse led to high mortality rates. The survivors were sold in the Americas to work on plantations producing sugar, tobacco, and other goods, which were shipped back to Europe to complete the trade cycle.

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