John Locke (1 avr. 1632 – 1 nov 1704)

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John Locke was an Englightenment thinker who attacked the Divine Right theories that served as the foundation and justification for absolute rule of monarchs in Western Europe and instead advocated for a constitutional government, inspiring the Glorious Revolution in England. He formulated the "Second Treatise of Civil Government" in which he held that individuals granted political rights to their rulers but retained personal rights to life, liverty and property. Rulers who violated these personal rights were subject to deposition. Essentially, he encouraged popular sovereignty by suggesting that rulers derived their authority from the consent of those whom they ruled, removing sovereignty from the rulers as divine agents and placing it in the hands of regular people in society.

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