Yuan Dynasty (1 janv. 1279 – 1 août 1368)

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Genghis Khan had established rule in Northern China's Jurchen Jin Dynasty by 1215 when they captured the capital at Kaifeng which was renamed Khanbaliq. Khubilai Khan than launched a series of attacks and raids against the Southern Song until Hangzhou's forces fell to the Yuan Dynasty. During the Yuan Dynasty, Mongol overlords ignored Chinese political and social customs and also displaced Chinese bureacrats in the government. They also ended the civil service examinations and the bureacracy based on merit and brought foreign administrators like Nomadic allies, Persians, and Europeans into China. The Yuan Dynasty decline because the Mongols continued to use paper money but did not maintain adequate gold bullion reserves, leading to inflation. When the Bubonic Plague erupted in China, peasant rebellions broke out and rebel frirces captured Khanbaliq in 1368 causing the Mongols to leave en masse.

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