John Newlands (1837–1898) (26 nov 1837 – 29 juill. 1898)

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In the year 1864, the British chemist John Newlands attempted the 62 elements known at that time. He arranged them in an ascending order based on their atomic masses and observed that every 8th element had similar properties. On the basis of this observation, Newland’s law of octaves was formulated.

The law of octaves states that every eighth element has similar properties when the elements are arranged in the increasing order of their atomic masses. Newlands compared the similarity between the elements to the octaves of music, where every eighth note is comparable to the first. This was the first attempt at assigning an atomic number to each element. However, this method of classifying elements was met with a lot of resistance in the scientific community. Various limitations faced by Newland’s Law of Octaves were,
- Some elements that are not similar were grouped together. Nickel and Cobalt were both placed in the same slot.
- Element qualities that were distinct were grouped together. Metals such as cobalt, nickel, and platinum, for example, were classified as halogens.
- Newland’s Law of Octaves hold true up to Calcium. Elements with higher atomic masses had atomic masses that were too large to fit within octaves.
- The octave layout was unable to accommodate later discovered components. As a result, new elements could not be discovered using this classification scheme.

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