Sinai and Palestine campaign (28 janv. 1915 – 30 oct. 1918)

Description:

The Sinai and Palestine campaign, a part of the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, spanned from January 1915 to October 1918. Allied forces comprising the British Empire, French Third Republic, Kingdom of Italy, and the Arab Revolt, fought against the Central Powers, which included the Ottoman Empire, German Empire, and Austro-Hungarian Empire. The conflict began with an Ottoman attempt to raid the Suez Canal in 1915 and concluded with the Armistice of Mudros in 1918, leading to the relinquishment of Ottoman control over Syria.

The campaign saw initial Ottoman advances into Sinai in 1915, countered by the British Empire's Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF). Significant battles occurred at Gaza, Jerusalem, and eventually led to the British advance into Ottoman territory. The battle of Megiddo in 1918 resulted in the encirclement of Ottoman forces, paving the way for the capture of Damascus and Aleppo, and the eventual collapse of the Ottoman front in Palestine.

The campaign had long-lasting impacts, including the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire and the establishment of the British and French mandates over former Ottoman territories, leading to significant geopolitical changes in the Middle East, including the creation of the modern states of Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, and Israel.

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