Persian Wars (1 janv. 499 av. J.-C. – 1 janv. 480 av. J.-C.)

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During the 4th century BC the so-called Persian Wars were going on . It all started with a rebellion among the Greek city-states in the Ionian region at the beginning of the 4th century BC. Ionia then belonged to the Persian Empire for a while, but now the Greeks there had tired of the Persian king's high taxes. The People's Assembly of Athens decided to help the rebellious Greeks in Ionia and sent soldiers and a number of ships in support. Even so, the rebellion failed.

In 490 BC, the Persian king sent his great fleet across the sea with thousands of soldiers to take revenge on Athens. But before the Persian army could attack, it was attacked at Marathon, a place about four miles outside the city. After heavy losses, the Persians fled across the sea again.

Ten years later, a new Persian king named Xerxes returned with an even larger army. At Thermopylae, a narrow pass in the mountains north of Athens, the Athenian army had been supported by soldiers from other city-states, including Sparta. The soldiers of Sparta became famous for fighting to the last man, but in the end the way was still open to Athens. The city was burned down by the Persian soldiers. But the fortunes of war turned once more. The Athenian fleet lured the Persian into a trap at the island of Salamis. There, boat after boat was crushed and scores of soldiers drowned. After the loss, Xerxes surrendered and returned home with what remained of the army

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