Horemheb (1 janv. 1322 av. J.-C. – 31 déc. 1309 av. J.-C.)

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EGYPTIAN CHRONOLOGY THROUGH ASTRONOMICALLY DATED SYNCHRONISMS by Gerard Gertoux

General Horemheb had been appointed as “representative of the Pharaoh” by Tutankhamun, but not as co-regent, and after the death of Tutankhamun, Aÿ was his legitimate successor. Ay having no children when he died, Horemheb remained only the representative of a dead pharaoh. To extend her function of representing the Pharaoh, Queen Mutnodjmet, divine Aÿ's daughter, married Horemheb (as did in the past Queen Hatshepsut, daughter of Thutmose I, with her half-brother Thutmose II). Consequently, Horemheb reigned about 14 years as a “representative (idenu) of Pharaoh” and after the death of the queen he was enthroned as Pharaoh and started a “new reign” of about 13 years (year 1 succeeding year 14). In his Decree of Coronation, Horemheb reminds one that he had been designated as “representative” by King (unnamed) and it was in this way that: he ruled the country for a period of many years [more than 10 years] before eventually being designated as “king” by the “eldest son of Horus” (“son of Horus” meant the king in title, i.e. Mutnodjmet's husband). Manetho rightly separated the reign of Horemheb into two roughly equal parts: 14 years as a representative of pharaoh then 13 years as pharaoh, 27 years in total (in accordance with the 28-year duration from 14C dating). The calculation of Horemheb's reign (1322-1295) makes it possible to fix Tutankhamun's reign approximately 1335-1326 BCE on the basis of the reign of Ramses I (1295-1294).

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