Crimean War (1 oct. 1853 – 1 févr. 1856)

Description:

The Crimean War grew out of Russian attempts to take land from the Ottoman Empire. It revealed the backwardness of Russia, leading to substantial reform.

The initial cause was a minor dispute between France and Russia over the protection of Christian shrines in Jerusalem, but it escalated into Russia at war with France, Britain, and the Ottomans to halt expansion. The war was known for incompetent leadership, demonstration of the power of modern weaponry, staggering casualties, and for professional women nurses on the front lines for the first time. Florence Nightingale became famous for her advocacy of simple sanitary precautions.

By 1856 the French-led alliance defeated Russia. The war shook up the balance of power in Europe. Russia turned its back on Austria, who refused help. The war smoothed the way to Italian and German unification. The war convinced Russia that they needed to catch up in industrialization.

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