Reconstruction (USA) (1 janv. 1865 – 1 janv. 1877)

Description:

Reconstruction (1865-1877), the turbulent era following the Civil War, was the effort to reintegrate Southern states from the Confederacy and 4 million newly-freed people into the United States. Under the administration of President Andrew Johnson in 1865 and 1866, new southern state legislatures passed restrictive “Black Codes” to control the labor and behavior of former enslaved people and other African Americans.

Outrage in the North over these codes eroded support for the approach known as Presidential Reconstruction and led to the triumph of the more radical wing of the Republican Party. During Radical Reconstruction, which began with the passage of the Reconstruction Act of 1867, newly enfranchised Black people gained a voice in government for the first time in American history, winning election to southern state legislatures and even to the U.S. Congress. In less than a decade, however, reactionary forces—including the Ku Klux Klan—would reverse the changes wrought by Radical Reconstruction in a violent backlash that restored white supremacy in the South.

This is an important part of US history, which has far-reaching impact on African American citizens through to present day; Jim Crow Laws and other draconian and racist legistlation is birthed out of the Reconstruction era eventually culimating in the Civil Rights protests of the '60s.

Musically, social justice songs begin to take birth here, alongside songs like "Lift Every Voice and Sing", and shortly thereafter the FIsk Jubilee Singers begin to popularize the Concertized Spiritual.

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