Brahms (GER) (1 déc. 1833 – 1 août 1897)

Description:

Influence of Baroque and Renaissance style, forms, and compositional processes. Motets, canonic mass, dances (sarabande, gavotte, etc.), ground bass, passacaglia, fugues, permutation fugue, etc.
Motivic and thematic variation – “developing variation” (term coined by Schoenberg)
obscured meter through polyrhythm, hemiola, and syncopation
Cyclical forms
Influence of folk music, ländler, and Hungarian music.
Chromatic harmonies – modal mixture, 3rds relations, borrowed chords, etc.
Clear markings for phrasing and expression.
Extremes in dynamics and performing forces
Text painting – large leaps, lengthening, and repetition of important words/phrases

Partsongs, Requiem, SWWC (Alto Rhapsody, Schicksalslied, etc...), and motets

His works combine the warm feeling of the Romantic period with the control of classical influences such as J. S. Bach and L. Beethoven.
Rhythm
There are many syncopation rhythms, and it shows diversification through rhythmic changing like extension and reduction.
Moreover, it is characterized by using a lot of tripe meter rhythm and continuously changing the rhythm in the form of variations.
Therefore, in general, Brahms’s music tends to be complicated forms in rhythm.
Dynamic
There are many crescendo and decrescendo marks, which are precisely marked for each part in order to restrain excessive emotional expression of the Romantic era.
Because each part has often many different dynamics and articulations, we need to understand and play them accurately.
We can see a lot of dynamics, changing suddenly,
A variety of dynamics used for dramatic expression of the Romantic period.
Structure
Continue to develop in the form of variation.
Cadence
Mainly use authentic cadence and plagal cadence such as II-V-I and IV-I
Harmony
Traditional harmony is used a lot. but also, dissonance
Very often using Dorian, Lydian, and Mixolydian mode.
By using harmony with double key, changes I harmony are naturally connected.
He used many chromatic scales and sequences.
Text
Use many biblical texts by Luther.
Anonymous and traditional texts collected and used appropriately
When quoting lyrics from the Bible, Parts such as Psalm and Exodus are used for praise and hope, and Lyrics from Parts like the Epistle of James, Job, Lamentatons of Jeremiah are used to express dark things
In particular, Realistic lyrics were selected to express human salvation and the joys and sorrows of life.
The selection and use of his lyrics are appropriately and accurately expressed to fit the meaning of the music, no more or less musically.
It strongly expresses the message Brahms wants to convey through the lyrics of his choral work.
Therefore, it can be seen that the choice of his lyrics is more careful than anyone else’s

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