Leonin, Perotin, Rise of Polyphony (1 janv. 1150 – 1 janv. 1250)

Description:

3. What was the “School of Notre Dame”?
• Anonymous IV [Hoppin 217]:
o Tells us about what was going on in Paris in the 12th and 13th centuries
 They could have been a student in the local University?
 University of Paris very closely related to the Church; was a seminary originally
o “optimus organista”
o Master/Magister Léonin
 “a great book of organum (“Magnus liber organi”) from the gradual and antiphonary”
• Books Gradula and Antiphonary: Setting of proper chants for the Masses and Offices
• Responsorial chants (Gradual, Alleluia) especially Great Responsories
• Took chants from the offices, made organal settings of them
 Magister/Master Leonin. 1163/’90
 Often abbreviated MLO
o Compositional Process:
 Stage 1: take a chant; the Alleluia for ex.
• Solo/choir(response)/jubilus/verse(soloists)
• Trained singers do polyphony/organum
 Stage 2: Organum is placed above the chant line
 Stage 3: take parts of the Melismas from the solo sections
• These are called Clausulae or Puncta
• Clause, like a clause of a sentence much like Clausulae is portion of melisma

o Master/Magister Perotin (Perotinus)
 Perotin takes what Leonin did and recomposes/edits it…
• made many better clausulae or puncta . . . “optimus discantor”
Conductus
• Takes polyphony and creates the Clausuale


 Perotin made quadruple . . .
• Bottom part is in long notes: it’s the Tenere (tenor)
• 2nd part is called the Duplum (two, in latin)
• 3rd part is the triplum…
• 4th part is the Quadruplae.
• Viderunt & Sederunt are ex. Of 4 voice organum parts
 Perotin made tripla
 Perotin made conductus (for 1-3 vv.)
• Late medieval poem often used for processional purposes

• Archival evidence concerning Léonin (fl. 1163-1190) & Pérotin (fl. 1180-1238)
o Cathedral and university
 Seminary trained the staff as professional clerics

Ajouté au bande de temps:

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