American Civil War (1 janv. 1861 – 1 janv. 1865)

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Followed by “Reconstruction Era” (1865-1877). The RE was marked by both tremendous gains (gaining civil rights, election to political office, access to education, economic opportunity, at least in certain areas, military occupation of the south to enforce civil rights laws) and tremendous losses (the introduction of sharecropping, increased political violence) for African Americans. (K)
Celebration of the holiday “Juneteenth” on June 19th to mark the day in 1865 when the hold-out confederate state of Texas was finally forced to comply.

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