Civil war in England (1 janv. 1642 – 1 janv. 1651)

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King James the first believed in divine right and didn't work with parliament. Charles I was the son of James and the parliament passed the petition of right where the king needed consent from parliament to tax but he got around it using ship money. He then had to call parliament during the revolt of scotland known as long parliament. The triennial act said parliament must meet every 3 years. Parliament was unsure how much restriction to put on Charles who tried to arrest some of the radicals. This led to the english civil war where the parliament won the 1st phase with the new model army. Charles escaped. Oliver Cromwell in the 2nd civil war captured Charles again and he was beheaded. Cromwell created the English Common wealth and Cromwell became a military dictator. He died and King Charles II became King. Suspended parliament laws over catholics. The test act by parliament made it so anglicans were the only ones who could hold office. England was divided. Catholic King James II became king and he brought England back to catholicism. The glorious revolution was when nobles to william of orange III to invade England and he did and them became king. The Bill of Rights was created and gave parliament power, election of parliament, citizens could bear arms, and a right to a jury. It was the start to a constitutional monarchy. Toleration act gave puritans the rights to freely worship.

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