Spedale degli Innocenti (1419-c.1425) by Filippo Brunelleschi @Florence (3 mars 1419 – 9 oct. 1425)

Description:

The Spedale was a hospital for orphans.

it was built at the expense of the Silk Merchants and Goldsmiths Guild.

Brunelleschi belonged to the Goldsmiths Guild.

Brunelleschi was only directly responsible for the outside logia.

After 1425 the rest of the building was completed by his assistants.

The Spedale is regarded as the first Renaissance building.


Although the overall design had clear medieval precedents:
-There are several examples of buildings with external loggias in and around Florence.
-E.g. The Loggia dei Lanzi (1376-82) in Piazza della Signoria, and the Spedale Sant'Antonio (1411) in the town of Lastra a Signa.


Key Renaissance/ classical characteristics of the Spedale:
-Numerous details that closely imitate those of e.g. The Composite Capitals, entablature, pediments above the windows, fluted pilasters, corbels on the wall of the building.
-A clear system of proportional relationships - the height of the column is the same as the width of the intercolumniation; the width of the arcade is equal to the height of the column, making each bat a cube. The entablature is half the height of the column.
-Vault of domed bays - not cross vaulted in triangular section like a gothic vault.


HOWEVER, there were several non-classical features of the spedale:
-The arches are carried directly on round columns and not on rectangular piers - as was the case with Roman architecture. Here Brunelleschi was following local tradition rather than an ancient model.
-The columns have dosserets inserted above the capitals - these were a feature of Byzantine and Tuscan Romanesque architecture - nut not of ancient Roman architecture. Dosserets occur in the tenth-century church of SS. Apostoli in Florence. At this point in time, Brunelleschi probably believed that it was a Roman building.
-At the extreme ends of the facade the architecture turns to run down the side of the building. This feature does not occur in Roman architecture.

Each vault is a dome as opposed to a triangular cross-section - this is not especially classical but is a departure from Gothic/ medieval.

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