John Locke (1 janv. 1632 – 1 janv. 1704)

Description:

British Empiricist

-European intellectual movement of the 17th & 18th centuries

-New ideas about God, reason, nature, and humanity brought about revolutionary developments in art, philosophy, and politics.

-Physics' success at explaining natural phenomena (e.g. Newton) inspired a mechanistic, or 'clockwork', view of the world with God as the 'clock's winder'
----Conflicted w/ emerging liberal view of humans as independent and autonomous
-----------Wanted to resolve

-Oxford academic and medical researcher

-Friendship with Anthony Ashley Cooper (First Earl of Shaftesbury) led to his work as a government official
----Wrote on economics, knowledge, government, religion

-Recurring theme --> opposition to authoritarianism among individuals and institutions (e.g. government and church)

-Wants us to use reason to search for truth rather than accepting authorities' opinions or superstitions

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