Latin American revolutions (1 janv. 1808 – 1 janv. 1826)

Description:

3 powers have control over Latin America: The Spanish crown/the Portuguese crown (Brazil), the catholic church and the patriarchy

Brazil:
By 1800, 25% of people are mixed race, and the creoles form a Brazilian party to lobby for independence, which is granted to them in 1822 with little bloodshed.

Mexico:
Spain's liberalizing movements--> Mexican elites switching sides and joining creoles. They push for independence, and win in 1822, making Iturbide the kind of Mexico. However he was soon overthrown by military and it was declared a republic.
*The peasants who made independence possible did not get many benefits

This alliance between conservative landowning elite+the army would happen repeatedly in Latin American history

Venezuela:
In 1811, well trained creole revolutionaries form revolutionary junta that seized power in Caracas, forming a republic on the border. Interior of Venezuela=mixed race cowboys called Llaneros, support the king. Bolivar (junta) convinced them to fight Spain, and they take the rest of Venezuela together. Eventually in 1824 they capture the last Spanish viceroy, making all of Latin America free from Spain.


In 1825, most of western hemisphere is free from European rule
○Enshrined idea of popular soviergnty in new world
○Latin America divided into countries (despite Spanish goals)
○Patriarchy not dissolved, church still powerful, wealthy creoles still on top

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