The Middle Ages (1 janv. 500 – 1 janv. 1400)

Description:

Right after the collapse of the Roman empire and before the renaissance. Eastern Roman Empire became highly centralized government (Byzantine empire), and the west collapsed completely, but christianity remained prominent.

Defined by Feudalism system. Lords were given land (called fiefs) in exchange for a promise to fight for the king, making them the king's vassals. These lords would give land to others, and they in turn would become the lord's vassals.

Manors=large fiefs that were self sufficient

Peasants=serfs (not slaves, but tied to the land, and could not marry or travel without permission) In exchange for protection, provided services for the lord. Children of serfs also became serfs

The catholic church frowned on merchants, which is perhaps why China was more successful along trade routes.




Towards the end of the middle ages, agriculture became more efficient due to several developments:
•the three field system
•windmills
•new types of plows
•horse collars and stirrups

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