W.E.B. Dubois (1 janv. 1890 – 1 janv. 1919)

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Also rejected Booker T. Washington's position and urged African Americans to demand first class citizenship. He earned his Ph.D. in History from Harvard and he agreed with Booker T. Washington that self help is a means for advancement, but he also argued that African Americans need a proper education and equal voting rights. He founded the NAACP which became on of the most important organizations in the upcoming civil rights movement.

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