Battle of the Atlantic (1 sept. 1939 – 31 mai 1945)

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It began on the first day of the war in Europe in September 1939 and continued until May 1945. It was the longest battle of the Second World War, it was also a remarkably bloody one as well. It was the battle which the whole result of the war depended on. The one with a commitment of massive North American supplies to Britain and Europe could the Allies defeat Hitler's Germany. It was the most important one of the Axis nations.
Britain always depended on ship-carried imports of oil, food, and manufactured products from Americans, especially the United States and Canada.

German naval and maritime air forces, later with help from Italy, tried to break this vital supply line. Britain's large fleet of surface warships beats Germany's great, but not infinite, surface warships. United support against submarines, by variation, was not well advanced. Britain sailed dealerships in groups within Britain and Canada's east coast ports under the shelter of anti-submarine warships. Germany's rapidly expanding fleet, however, was able to overcome the small number of anti-submarine warships available in the first years of the war. Canada assisted greatly by expanding its own navy with large numbers of Canadian-built anti-submarine warships. Also increasing its air force with long-range anti-submarine aircraft. With this help, and with further assistance from the United States, in May 1943 Britain was able to concentrate its most powerful anti-submarine warships and aircraft to force the Germans away from the principal convoys. This turning point was critical. It permitted the buildup of US and Canadian stocks, armies and air forces in Britain for the liberation of Europe. Nonetheless, U-boats, with new equipment, were able to evade Allied forces and inflict passenger losses right until the defeat of Germany in May 1945.
Meanwhile the six years of the Battle of the Atlantic, the Axis powers lost over 700 U-boats and 32,000 seamen, and the Allied powers lost more than 3,000 ships, and 40,000 seamen. The vast bulk of the Allied losses were merchant ships and the civilian seamen and passengers who sailed in them.

By Tahera

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