Who founded the Habsburg dynasty? Radbot of klettgau The Habsburg Monarchy started when Rudolf I was elected as the first king of Germany in 1273. and he took control of the Duchy of Austria for his house in 1282. Where were they originally from? (who or what powerful group put habsburg into conflict) The Habsburgs originated in Swabia, which was a duchy of southwestern Germany. rivalry between the House of Habsburg and the Kingdom of France. Habsburg owned all of the land around france which caused border friction