Jazz
Category: Histoire
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Created byPenelope Leicht
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Les événements
- 1740 -
Drums Banned on
Plantations; enslaved
people started using
body percussion- 1817 -
An area of New Orlean’s
parkland was set aside
for African Dance and
informal music improvisation.
This became known as Congo Square- 1844 -
First Ever Recorded
Tap Competition- 1840s -
Master Juba was one
of the first black performers
in the United States to play
onstage for white audiences
and the only one of the era
to tour with a white minstrel group- 1921 -
“Crosby and Moss credit
the 1921 show Shuffle Along,
which featured the Charleson,
for making jazz music and
dance in vogue and bring
jazz expression to the forefront
of musical theatre (where it
would stay right through to
the 21st century)”- 1898 -
“The origin of the cakewalk”
opened on Broadway to
ragtime music. The
Cakewalk was originally
a plantation dance” - Lindsay Guarino 46- 1902 -
Shift in music to triple-
based rhythm with a
"blusey" feel- 1910 -
Jazz dance originated
in African American communities.
It was a blend of African and European
dance styles, incorporating elements
of syncopated rhythms and
improvisation. Jazz dance quickly
gained popularity in the United States,
particularly in Harlem during the
Harlem Renaissance.- 1916 -
Jazz moves out of New Orleans
via the Origonal Dixieland Jazz
Band who left New Orleans
for New York- 1917 -
The music went from being
called "Jass" to "Jazz"- 1917 -
The first jazz to ever
be recorded was the Origonal
Dixieland Jazz Band- 1933 -
By this time Fred Astaire
was landing leading roles
and he brought a
“gentlemanly elegance” to
the dancer’s image. It molded
the stylistic elements of broadway,
ballroom partnering, and ballet
into tap and jazz; blending grace
and flow with abruptness and
syncopation. This is where the
fusing of jazz and ballet started- 1947 -
The first degree in
jazz was offered at
the University of
North Texas- 1952 -
American Bandstand was a
Tv show hosted by Dick Clark.
The show consisted of Kids
dancing to the latest music for
a mostly white audience. The
show went national and was
in over 4 million homes.
“Wholesome” image made
African American dance
moves “safe” for white people- late 1950s -
Luigi and Matt Mattox began
teaching their codified jazz
techniques in the studio- 1977 -
Saturday Night Fever
inspired many new dancers to take jazz classes in studios- Late 1970s -
- Breakdancing begins in
The Bronx, NYC
- Cassette tapes become mainstream- 1980 -
The movie Fame brought
jazz into the popular culture
again as well as highlighting tricks
and inspiring many new dancers
to take jazz classes in studios- 1983-
Flashdance
The movie brought
jazz into the popular culture
again as well as highlighting tricks
and inspiring many new dancers
to take jazz classes in studios- 1983 -
Stayin' alive
The movie brought
jazz into the popular culture
again as well as highlighting tricks.- 1984 -
Footloose
The movie brought
jazz into the popular culture
again as well as highlighting tricks
and inspiring many new dancers
to take jazz classes in studios- 1987 -
Dirty Dancing
The movie brought
jazz into the popular culture
again as well as highlighting tricks
and inspiring many new dancers
to take jazz classes in studios- 1981 -
The Rise of MTV:
- Brought music and dance fashions and trends straight to the masses via television
- You could see all of the trends without having to travel and see it live
- High energy jazz, ballet, street, and social dance to popular music
- Fast paced editing → short attention spans of the youth audience
- Micheal Jackson, Paula Absul, Madonna, Janet Jackson, Toni Basil
- Teens loved it- 1981 -
Sophisticated Ladies
A musical that drew on the
roots of jazz- 1989 -
Black and Blue
A musical that drew on the
roots of jazz- 1978 -
The first dance competition
"Showstopper" was founded- 1793-
The Stono Rebellion:
A slave revolt taking place
in South Carolina, resulted
in stricter control over
enslaved people after they
demonstrated their
resistance to white brutality- 1831 -
The Nat Turner Rebellion:
It led to tightening of slave
codes and the death of
120 enslaved people- 1876 -
American Industrial Revolution began- 1920 -
(White) Women gain the right to vote- 1929 -
Wall Street Crash
and the Depression
Era Begins- 1954 -
Brown v. Board of Education
the U.S. Supreme Court
ruled that racial segregation
in public schools was unconstitutional- 1955 -
Rosa Parks Arrested for
refusing to give up her
seat to a white person
while on the bus- 1963 -
March on Washington
& The "I Have A Dream"
speech from Martin Luther King Jr- 1964 -
Civil Rights act of 1964 is passedCD's become mainstream- 2005 -
Youtube was created and
it allowed for immediate
access and the ability to
rewatch and master choreography- 1959 -
Motown origonated in Detroit- 1526 -
The earliest time traceable
that Africans were forced
to go to overseas as slaves- 1963 -
Bombing of a church in Birmingham,
Alabama killed four young black
girls while they were in church- 1960 -
Ruby Bridges is the first
African American student
to attend an all white school- 1921 -
The Tulsa Race Massacre
Tulsa, Oaklahoma was a thriving
place of Black prosperity that was
destroyed by White mobs- 1896 -
Plessy v Ferguson
"Separate but Equal" court ruling- 1869 -
15th was Ammendment passed
which guarantees the right to
vote regardless of race- The Voting Rights Act of 1965 -
a piece of civil rights legislation
that prohibited racial discrimination
in voting- Dred Scott v. Sandford -
The US Supreme Court ruled
that enslaved people were not
citizens and had no right to
sue in federal court- three-fifths compromise -
An agreement made to address how
enslaved people would be counted for
representation and taxation purposes- 1942 -
African Americans were allowed
to enroll in the military and
fight in the world war for
the first time- 1641 -
Massachusetts became the
American colony to legalize
slavery through the "Body of Liberties"- 1777 -
Vermont was the first
state to abolish slavery- 1865 -
The 13th amendment was passed
which abolished slavery and involuntary
in the US with the exception of
punishment for a crime- 1866 -
The 14th amendment was passed
which grants citizenship to all
people born in the US,
including former slaves- 1808 -
Congress passed a law prohibiting
the importation of slaves into the
US, making it illegal to bring
enslaved people from Africa
into the country. This did not
ban slavery in the country however- 2024 -
Donald Trump starts his second
term as president and is revoking
the teaching of DEI in schools,
which is erasing black history- 1862 -
New orleans was forced to surrender
after suceeding from the union in 1861.
Union occupation signaled birth of
freedom for the black population and
there was a burst of creativityPériodes
The American RevolutionCivil War & Reconstruction- 1880s -
Vaudeville was a popular
form of entertainment that
helped introduce jazz music
and dance to a wider audience.
It provided a platform for
African American dancers to
perform and develop their craft.Irene and Vernon Castle were
a popular ballroom dance couple
who popularized jazz among
white audiences by performing
with African American musicians- Harlem Renaissance -
people had pride in their
identity and they came together
between different art forms- "The Jazz era" -
Dancers became directly
influenced by jazz musicians- 1930s -
- Swing and social jazz peaked
- The Duke Ellington Orchestra Blended
jazz and classical elements into their
music and they performed in venues
hat were previously closed to Black
artists, breaking down racial barriers
and contributing to a broader
understanding and appreciation of
jazz music among white audiences
- Tap gained popularity- late 1930s -
- Development of competitions for Lindy Hop dancers
(people wanted to win cash prizes because the great depression was really setting in)
- Aerial moves were added to the vocabulary of the lindy hop because of these competitionsWWII
- Ballroom attendance decreased
- Social dance was brought to a halt in popularity
- Women started taking over male jobs in the workforce
- Increased taxes on dance floors to support the war
effort caused many ballrooms to close and the social
side of jazz began to fall apart- 1940s -
- Swing dance declined
- Bebop was on the rise (more rhythmically
complex - too complex for improv social dancing)
- Reduced appetite for social dancing
- Big bands were replaced with soloist centered combos
- Jazz as the mainstream social dance in the 1940s
was replaced with other music like rock, funk, and latin (Lindsay 52)
- “Jazz technique” that is influenced by ballet was being formed at this time
- Popularity of the professional jazz dancer began to rise
- Jazz was no longer b- 1950s -
- Rock n roll spikes
- Development of theatrical
and codified jazz techniques
due to broadway and hollywood
- Broadway dance shifted
towards modern and ballet
Except for West Side story
- Choreographers experimented
with their own takes on jazz in
the works on stage and in film- Jazz today -
- Intertwined with pop music
- Seen in films, musicals,
concert companies,
dance competitions, tv shows,
cruise ships, etc
- Tv shows like so you
think you can dance and
dance moms present jazz
as being trick oriented
and competition like- Fred Astaire -- Al Minns & Leon James -- Norma Miller -- Katherine Dunham -- Mabel Lee -- Jack Cole -
Often referred to as the “Father of
Theatrical Jazz Dance,” Cole’s
work laid the foundation for the
integration of jazz into musical
theater and film.- Gene Kelly -
He blended tap with ballet and jazz,- Eugene Louis Faccuito/Luigi and Matt Mattox -- Bob Fosse -- Alfred “Pepsi” Bethel -- Donna Summer -
Broke down class and race barriers- Gloria Gaynor -
Broke down class and race barriers- Frank Hatchett -- Patti Labelle -
Broke down class and race barriers- Micheal Jackson -- Madonna -The Great MigrationWorld War IProgressive Era into New EraThe Cold WarVietnam War- Josephine Baker -- Bill Bojangles Robinson -- Earl "Snakehips" Tucker -- The Nicholas Brothers: Fayard & Harold -- Madonna -- Dianne Walker -The Charleston & The Black BottomLindyhop & JitterbugThe TwistThe Shimmy, Turkey Trot, and Bunny HopThe Cakewalk- late 70s-
Breakdancing originates in NYC- late 70s-
Breakdancing originates in NYC (copy)- 1980s -
Breakdancing became a way to diffuse gang fightsThe Transatlantic Slave Trade- Late 80's early 90s -
- Dance competitions became popular as a way to give their students performing opportunities
- Lyrical jazz phenomenon
- Popular music went to alternative rock and grunge- The Creoles of Color -- 1970s -
- Rock n roll & Disco were popular
- Biggest rule for music was that it had to be danceable
- Jazz swing was completely gone but it went to other countries around the world
- The rhythmic structure of disco music made it perfect for social dances that emphasized syncopation, improv, isolation, and sensuality
- Moved away from simplicity of the 60s and into the complexities of ballroom with a communal feeling and repetitive nature- 1960s -
- Jazz classes had different names - broadway jazz, jazz funk, authentic jazz, modern jazz, street jazz, theatrical jazz, and concert jazz
- Marshall Stearns brought jazz tap back on stage at the Newport jazz festival after tap’s popularity had declined
- More solo dances in the 60s than social dances
- Stepping became popular on campuses of historically black colleges and universities- The Grandfather Clause -
It was used to prevent African Americans
from voting by creating
voting requirements- The Black Panther Party -
a revolutionary organization
with values of Black nationalism,
socialism, and armed self-defense- Barak Obama is the first
African American President -- Minstrel Shows -
At the rise of early television, minstrel shows
were the first entertainment that everyone
in the US saw and knew. This had never
happened before and wouldn’t happen
again until movies became popular. White
people performed in "blackface" and the
shows only reiterated racial sterotypes- Ragtime -
Created black piano players in the midwest it
is jaunty, propulsive, and irresistible. It was
Based off of African American rituals,
minstrel songs, European folk melodies,
American military marches all set to
syncopated rhythms. It was instantly
popular with young dancers because
their parents did not like it- Blues -
The baggage of refugees from the
Mississippi delta promised a better
life than they could have chopping
cane and working for someone else’s profit.
The Blues sculpted meaning out of a
situation that seemed to defy being
able to find meaning in it. It is composed
of 12 bar sequences and it has
infinite variations.- Buddy Bolten -
He invented the big 4 which is
accenting the second 4th beat.
He used the big 4 to make music
more authentic to the individual
playing the tune. He also led
the first jazz band.- Jelly Roll Morton -
He blended ragtime, minstrelsy, and
the blues into an improvised hybrid.
He claims that he came up with jazz
but he didn't . He was however, the
first to write down jazz music.
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