What leaders and events of the Middle Ages made kings and popes powerful? ( summary)

During the Middle Ages, there were several powerful leaders and events that shaped the authority of kings and popes. The kings held a significant power of their lands and subjects. They in all made important decisions regarding governance. As for the popes, they held huge influences on religion and political influence. Furthermore, the Crusades also had an impact. They wanted to reclaim the Holy Land which resulted in both political and religious conflicts and further asserting power to popes during the Middle Ages.