World History (WIP)
Category: Autre
mise à jour avec succès: 15 sept. 2023
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Created byClaire the Bread Fascist
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Les événements
The Regional Comprehensive Economic
Partnership, the largest free trade area in the
world, comes into effect for Australia, Brunei,
Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, South
Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Zealand,
the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and
VietnamAbdalla Hamdok resigns as Prime Minister of
Sudan amid deadly protestsThe five permanent members of the UN
Security Council — China, France, Russia, the
United Kingdom and the United States — issue
a rare joint statement affirming that "a nuclear
war cannot be won and must never be fought."A nationwide state of emergency is declared in
Kazakhstan in response to the 2022 Kazakh
unrestThe Collective Security Treaty Organization
(CSTO) deploys a "peacekeeping" mission in
Kazakhstan, including Russian paratroopers,
following a request by Kazakh president
TokayevThe number of COVID-19 cases exceeds 300
million worldwideThe first successful heart transplant from a pig
to a human patient occurs in Baltimore,
Maryland, United StatesA large eruption of Hunga Tonga–Hunga
Ha'apai, a submarine volcano in Tonga, triggers
tsunami warnings in Australia, Canada, Chile,
Fiji, Japan, New Zealand, Samoa, and the United
StatesWorld No. 1 tennis champion Novak Djokovic is
deported from Australia following a high-profile
legal case regarding his COVID-19 vaccination
status, preventing his participation in the 2022
Australian OpenTropical Storm Ana kills 115 people in
Madagascar, Malawi and Mozambique, days
after a series of floods killed 11 people in
MadagascarA coup d'état in Burkina Faso removes
president Roch Kaboré from powerThe federal government under Scott Morrison
announces that, after more than three years of
confidential negotiations, copyright ownership
of the Australian Aboriginal Flag has been
transferred to the CommonwealthThe number of COVID-19 vaccinations
administered worldwide exceeds 10 billionIslamic State leader Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-
Qurashi is killed in Atme during a counter-
terrorism raid by U.S. special forces in north-
western SyriaChina and Russia issue a joint statement
opposing further NATO expansion, expressing
"serious concerns" about the AUKUS security
pact, and pledging to cooperate with each
other on a range of issuesCyclone Batsirai kills a total of 123 people
across Madagascar, Mauritius, and Réunion two
weeks after Tropical Storm Ana killed 115
people in the same regionQueen Elizabeth II celebrates her "Platinum
Jubilee", marking 70 years as Queen of the
United KingdomThe biggest breakthrough in fusion energy
since 1997 is reported at the Joint European
Torus in Oxford, the UK, with 59 megajoules
produced over five seconds (11 megawatts of
power), more than double the previous recordThe EU, US, and their allies commit to removing
Russian banks from the SWIFT payment system,
as well as imposing measures on the Russian
Central Bank and further restrictions on
Russian elitesPutin orders Russia's nuclear deterrent forces
to be on "special alert", their highest level, in
response to what he calls "aggressive
statements" by NATOEuropean nations ban Russian flights in their
airspaceIn a constitutional referendum, Belarus votes to
revoke its non-nuclear status and to allow the
country to host Russian forces permanentlyThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC) releases the second part of its
Sixth Assessment Report on climate changeRussian and Ukrainian officials meet on the
Belarus-Ukraine border for the first round of
peace talks, with no resolutionFootball governing bodies FIFA and UEFA
suspend Russian clubs and national teams
from all competitionsIn an unprecedented move, Switzerland,
Monaco, Singapore and South Korea impose
unilateral sanctions over Russia including the
introduction of export controls and asset
freezesWorld Athletics bans both Russia and Belarus
from competing in all of its eventsIn an emergency session, United Nations
member states pass a resolution deploring
Russia's invasion of Ukraine and calling for the
immediate withdrawal of its forcesRussia seizes its first large city, the Black Sea
port of Kherson, as shelling intensifies across
many parts of Ukraine, including civilian areasThe United Nations reports that over a million
refugees have now fled from Ukraine to other
countriesThe International Criminal Court begins an
investigation into possible war crimes
committed by Russia in UkraineRussia is condemned by world leaders following
an attack by its troops on the Zaporizhzhia
nuclear plant – the largest in Europe – which led
to a fire at the siteThe National Assembly of Armenia elects
incumbent minister of High-Tech Industry and
former mayor of Yerevan, Vahagn
Khachaturyan, as president of Armenia
following the resignation of Armen SarkissianAn Afghan man on behalf of the Islamic State –
Khorasan Province commits a suicide attack at
a Shia mosque in Peshawar, Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, killing 63 peopleResearchers in the Antarctic find Endurance,
one of the greatest ever undiscovered
shipwrecks, which sank in 1915 during Ernest
Shackleton's explorationThe global death toll from COVID-19 surpasses
6 millionThe US and UK announce a ban on Russian oil,
while the EU announces a two-thirds reduction
in its demand for Russian gasPeople Power Party candidate Yoon Suk-yeol is
narrowly elected President of South KoreaRussia is condemned by world leaders following
an air strike in Mariupol that destroys a hospital
including a maternity and children's wardThe National Assembly of Hungary elects
former minister for Family Affairs, Katalin
Novák, as president of Hungary in a 137–51
voteGabriel Boric is sworn in as President of ChileSerdar Berdimuhamedow, son of former
President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow,
becomes President of Turkmenistan with 89%
of the total votesA Russian airstrike on the Mariupol Theatre in
Mariupol kills an estimated 600 civilians
sheltering insideThe apostolic constitution Praedicate
evangelium, reforming the Roman Curia, is
promulgated by Pope Francis, coming into force
on June 5China Eastern Airlines Flight 5735 crashes in
Guangxi, China, killing all 133 people on boardNATO announces that four new battlegroups
totaling 40,000 troops will be deployed in
Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania and Slovakia, along
with enhanced readiness for potential
chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear
threatsThe M23 offensive begins in North Kivu,
Democratic Republic of the CongoThe Democratic Republic of the Congo is
admitted to the East African CommunityExpo 2020 closes in Dubai after a 6-month run;
originally scheduled for April 10, 2021, it was
delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemicAs Russia's forces retreat from areas near Kyiv,
it is accused by Ukraine of war crimes, amid
mounting evidence of indiscriminate civilian
killings, including the Bucha massacreThe second round of voting of the 2022 Costa
Rican general election is held, and Social
Democratic Progress Party presidential
candidate Rodrigo Chaves Robles is elected
presidentThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC) releases the third and final part
of its Sixth Assessment Report on climate
change, warning that greenhouse gas
emissions must peak by 2025 at the latest and
decline 43% by 2030, in order to limit global
warming to 1.5 °C (2.7 °F)The first known dinosaur fossil linked to the
very day of the Chicxulub impact is reported by
palaeontologistsThe UN votes by 93–24 to suspend Russia from
the Human Rights Council, with 58 countries
abstainingPresident of Yemen Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi
resigns from office, dismisses vice president Ali
Mohsen al-Ahmar, and transfers both offices'
powers to the newly formed eight-member
Presidential Leadership Council, chaired by
Rashad al-AlimiRussia is condemned by world leaders following
a missile attack on Kramatorsk train station,
which kills 59 civilians trying to evacuate,
including seven childrenGlobal food prices increase to their highest
level since the UN's Food Price Index began in
1990, with commodities such as wheat rising by
nearly 20% as a result of the Ukraine crisisThe National Assembly of Pakistan elects leader
of the opposition Shehbaz Sharif as prime
minister of Pakistan, after Imran Khan is
removed from office following a motion of no
confidence two days priorThe number of confirmed COVID-19 cases
exceeds 500 million worldwideThe Russian flagship Moskva becomes the
largest warship to be sunk in action since World
War IIThe battle of Donbas begins, leading to the
deaths of several thousand military personnel
and civiliansThe second round of voting of the 2022 East
Timorese presidential election is held and the
National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction
party presidential candidate, former president
and former prime minister José Ramos-Horta is
electedA European Southern Observatory team
announce the discovery of micronovae, a new
type of exploding starThe Large Hadron Collider recommences full
operations, three years after being shut down
for upgradesThe 2022 Slovenian parliamentary election is
held to elect all 90 members of the National
Assembly of Slovenia, the lower house of the
Slovenian Parliament; the Freedom Movement
party becomes the largest party, winning 41 of
90 seatsThe European Union accuses Russia of
blackmail after gas supplies to Poland and
Bulgaria are halted by energy giant GazpromThe Parliament of Montenegro elects a new
government with Dritan Abazović as prime
minister, following a motion of no confidence
against the government of Zdravko KrivokapićAn outbreak of monkeypox begins when the
first monkeypox virus case is reported in
London, the United KingdomThe Prime Minister of Sri Lanka Mahinda
Rajapaksa resigns as a result of massive
protests against his government across the
countryBongbong Marcos and Sara Duterte are elected
the 17th President and 15th Vice President of
the Philippines in a landslide victoryThe Event Horizon Telescope collaboration
reveals its first image of Sagittarius A*, the
supermassive black hole at the centre of the
Milky WayMohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan is elected as the
3rd president of the United Arab Emirates by
the Federal Supreme Council following the
death of Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan a day
earlierFormer President of Somalia Hassan Sheikh
Mohamud is elected president again, beating
President Mohamed Abdullahi MohamedThe Siege of Mariupol ends in a Russian victory
as Ukrainian troops are evacuated from
MariupolThe World Health Organization (WHO) holds an
emergency meeting to discuss the spread of
monkeypox in nearly a dozen countries, as the
number of reported cases reaches 100The Labor party, led by Anthony Albanese,
defeats the Liberal/National Coalition
government led by Prime Minister Scott
Morrison in the 2022 Australian federal electionFiji announces that it will become the 14th
member of the Indo-Pacific Economic
Framework for Prosperity in order to counter
Chinese influence in the PacificSpanish club Real Madrid beat English club
Liverpool 1–0 to win the UEFA Champions
League final played at the Stade de France in
Paris, FranceRetired general Bajram Begaj is elected the 9th
President of Albania by the parliament in the
4th round of votingAt least 50 people are killed in a dual mass
shooting-bomb attack in Owo, NigeriaCanada and Denmark end their competing
claims for Hans Island by dividing the island
roughly in half, ending what was referred to as
the Whisky WarThe second round of the 2022 legislative
election is held in France, resulting in a hung
parliament, with President Macron's coalition
losing its majority in the National AssemblyThe second round of the 2022 Colombian
presidential election is held, and former
guerrilla fighter for the 19th of April Movement
and incumbent senator, Gustavo Petro, defeats
businessman and former mayor of
Bucaramanga, Rodolfo Hernández SuárezA 6.2 earthquake strikes the Durand Line
between Afghanistan and Pakistan, killing at
least 1,163 peopleDickon Mitchell's party wins a majority of seats
in Grenada's general election, defeating Prime
Minister Keith Mitchell's partyG7 leaders gather for a summit in Germany to
discuss the situation in Ukraine53 migrants from Mexico, Honduras,
Guatemala, and El Salvador are found dead in a
tractor trailer in San Antonio, Texas, United
StatesYair Lapid succeeds Naftali Bennett as Prime
Minister of Israel, while Bennett succeeds Lapid
as Alternate Prime Minister of Israel; this
arrangement had been created after the 2021
Israeli legislative election, in which no party
won an outright majorityAfter revelations over his appointment of Chris
Pincher as Deputy Chief Whip triggered a series
of resignations from his government, UK Prime
Minister Boris Johnson announces his intention
to resign, triggering the July–September 2022
Conservative Party leadership election.Former Prime Minister of Japan Shinzo Abe is
assassinated while giving a public speech in the
city of Nara, JapanThe first operational image from the James
Webb Space Telescope, showing the galaxy
cluster SMACS 0723, is revealed to the publicDroupadi Murmu is elected as President of
India, making her the first tribal woman and
youngest person to be elected to the officeA series of severe heatwaves from July to
August hit Europe, causing at least 53,000
deaths and additionally causing major wildfires,
travel disruption, and record high temperatures
in many countriesThe Parliament of Sri Lanka elects Prime
Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe as President of
Sri Lanka, following the resignation of Gotabaya
Rajapaksa amid protests over the ongoing
economic crisisThe European Central Bank raises its key
interest rate for the first time in more than 11
years, from minus 0.5 per cent to zero, with
plans for further increases later in the yearThe World Health Organization (WHO) declares
the recent monkeypox outbreak a Public Health
Emergency of International Concern, as the
number of reported cases exceeds 17,000 in 75
countriesA 7.0 earthquake strikes the island of Luzon in
the Philippines killing 11 people and injuring
over 600Ayman al-Zawahiri, the Egyptian terrorist who
became the 2nd Emir of al-Qaeda after Osama
bin Laden's death in 2011, is killed in an
airstrike in Kabul, Afghanistan conducted by the
United States' Central Intelligence AgencyChina conducts its largest ever military exercise
around Taiwan in response to a controversial
visit by Nancy Pelosi, the highest-ranking U.S.
official to visit Taiwan since the 1990sThe Prime Minister of Peru, Aníbal Torres,
resigns following multiple criminal
investigations against the President of Peru,
Pedro CastilloThe Tigray People's Liberation Front forms a
coalition with eight other rebel groups with the
aim of defeating the Ethiopian government "by
force or by negotiations"SpaceX launches the Crew-3 mission, carrying
four Expedition 66 crew members to the
International Space StationThe 2021 Argentine legislative election is heldThe 2021 Bulgarian general election is heldRussia draws international condemnation
following an anti-satellite weapon test that
creates a cloud of space debris, threatening the
International Space StationThe 2021 Chilean general election is heldNASA launches the Double Asteroid Redirection
Test (DART), the first attempt to deflect an
asteroid for the purpose of learning how to
protect EarthMagdalena Andersson resigns as Prime
Minister-elect of Sweden hours after the
Riksdag voted her in as Sweden's first female
Prime MinisterThe World Health Organization convenes an
emergency meeting in Geneva amid concerns
over Omicron, a highly mutated variant of
COVID-19 first identified in South Africa that
appears more infectious than DeltaBarbados becomes a republic on its 55th
anniversary of independence while remaining a
member of the Commonwealth of NationsThe 2021 Gambian presidential election is held
and incumbent president Adama Barrow is
reelectedThe United States announces a diplomatic
boycott of the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing
in response to China's human rights recordA truck crash in Chiapas, Mexico, kills 55
migrants who were being smuggled in it from
Guatemala through Mexico to its border with
the United StatesNew York City FC defeat the Portland Timbers
at Providence Park in Portland, Oregon 5–3 on
penalties after a 1–1 draw, and win MLS Cup
title for the first time in their historyThe 2021 New Caledonian independence
referendum is heldTyphoon Rai, also known as Typhoon Odette,
hits the Philippines and caused destruction to
agriculture, establishments, and houses, and
caused many injured and deathsThe 2021 Hong Kong legislative election,
originally scheduled for 6 September 2020 but
postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, is
heldThe second round of the 2021 Chilean
presidential election is held; leftist candidate
Gabriel Boric is elected PresidentNASA, ESA, the Canadian Space Agency and the
Space Telescope Science Institute launch the
James Webb Space Telescope, the successor of
the Hubble Space TelescopeTerrance Drew is sworn in as prime minister of
Saint Kitts and NevisWilliam Ruto is elected as Kenya's 5th
president, defeating longtime opposition leader
Raila OdingaSpanish club Real Madrid beat German club
Eintracht Frankfurt 2–0 to win the 2022 UEFA
Super Cup played at the Olympic Stadium in
Helsinki, FinlandIndian-born British-American novelist Salman
Rushdie is stabbed multiple times as he is
about to give a public lecture at the
Chautauqua Institution in Chautauqua, New
York, United StatesTurkey and Israel agree to restore full
diplomatic relations after a period of tensionsThe coalition government of Montenegrin
prime minister Dritan Abazović collapses after
the 81-seat Parliament of Montenegro passes a
motion of no confidence in a vote of 50–1,
following dispute within the coalition over an
agreement the government signed with the
Serbian Orthodox ChurchPakistan declares a "climate catastrophe" and
appeals for international assistance, as the
death toll from recent flooding in the country
exceeds 1,000, the world's deadliest flood since
2017The UN releases a report stating that the
Chinese government's Xinjiang internment
camps and treatment of Uyghurs may
constitute crimes against humanityThe G7 economies agree to impose a price cap
on Russian petroleum exportsA 6.8 earthquake strikes Luding County in
Sichuan province, China, killing 117 and injuring
424Liz Truss is appointed Prime Minister of the
United Kingdom after winning the July–
September 2022 Conservative Party leadership
electionQueen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and
14 other Commonwealth realms dies at
Balmoral Castle in Scotland at the age of 96The 2022 Swedish general election is held to
elect all 349 seats of the RiksdagAzerbaijan attacks Armenian positions near the
cities of Vardenis, Goris, Sotk and Jermuk, and
occupies certain areas of its territory along the
Armenia–Azerbaijan borderProtests erupt in Iran following the death of
Mahsa Amini in the custody of the country's
"morality police"The state funeral of Elizabeth II is held in
Westminster Abbey, LondonFollowing a major counteroffensive by Ukraine
in the east of the country, Putin announces a
partial mobilisation of Russia and threatens
nuclear retaliation, saying "this is not a bluff"The 2022 Nauruan parliamentary election was
held which saw Ubenide parliament member
Russ Kun be elected president by parliamentThe 2022 Italian general election is held to elect
all 400 seats of the Chamber of Deputies and
200 seats of the Senate of the Republic
(reduced from 630 and 215 respectively
according to the outcome of the 2020
constitutional referendum)NASA's DART crashes into the asteroid
Dimorphos in a first test of potential planetary
defenseThe Nord Stream pipeline sabotage occurs by
an unknown perpetrator off the coast of
Denmark with explosions on two pipelines
leaving them inoperableRussian occupation authorities in Ukraine claim
that their annexation referendums show an
overwhelming support for the annexation by
Russia of the Donetsk People's Republic, the
Luhansk People's Republic, and parts of
Kherson Oblast and Zaporizhzhia OblastRussian President Vladimir Putin signs treaties
absorbing the occupied regions of Donetsk,
Luhansk, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia into the
Russian FederationBurkina Faso's military junta is overthrown by
the country's second coup of the year, led by
army captain Ibrahim TraoréA fatal human crush occurs during an
association football match at Kanjuruhan
Stadium in Malang Regency, East Java,
Indonesia, killing 135 people and injuring more
than 500OPEC+ imposes a production cut of up to 2
million barrels per dayAn explosion occurs on the Crimean Bridge
connecting Crimea and Russia, killing three and
causing a partial collapse of the only road
bridge between the Crimean Peninsula and the
Russian mainlandAfter 45 days in office, Liz Truss announced her
resignation as leader of the Conservative Party
and her intention to resign as prime minister of
the United KingdomAmid a government crisis, Rishi Sunak becomes
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom,
following the resignation of Liz Truss the
previous week resulting in a 50-day tenureElon Musk completes his $44 billion acquisition
of TwitterSam Matekane is sworn in as Prime Minister of
Lesotho after securing a victory in the 7
October electionsAt least 158 people are killed and another 197
injured in a crowd crush during Halloween
festivities in Seoul, South KoreaA double car bombing by al-Shabaab in
Mogadishu, Somalia kills at least 121 people
and injures around 300In response to an alleged Ukrainian drone
attack against the Black Sea Fleet, Russia
withdraw from a U.N.-brokered deal on the
shipment of grain, which had brought down
soaring global food pricesLuiz Inácio Lula da Silva is elected President of
Brazil, defeating incumbent Jair Bolsonaro in a
runoff election after neither candidate secured
a majority in the first round of votingThe collapse of a suspension bridge in Gujarat,
India, leaves at least 135 deadA bloc of right-wing and far-right political
parties led by former Prime Minister Benjamin
Netanyahu wins a 64-seat majority (out of 120),
allowing him to be sworn in as Prime Minister
of Israel for a third time in DecemberA bloc of left-leaning political parties wins a
narrow one-seat majority of 90 seatsThe cryptocurrency exchange FTX, once valued
at $18 billion, files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy,
in a collapse that affects the cryptocurrency
environmentUkrainian forces recapture Kherson, the only
regional capital to be taken by Russia since the
start of the warThe world population reaches 8 billionThe 2022 G20 Bali summit in Bali, Indonesia
takes placeNASA launches Artemis 1, the first uncrewed
mission of its Space Launch System, the most
powerful rocket ever to reach orbitThe 2022 Malaysian general election results in a
hung parliament, which is the first in the
country's historyThe Nepali Congress, led by Prime Minister
Sher Bahadur Deuba, emerged as the largest
party with 89 seats, but the governing bloc falls
short of the majority by two seats, leading into
likely coalition governmentA 5.6 earthquake strikes near Cianjur in West
Java, Indonesia, killing 635 people and injuring
7,700 moreOpenAI releases ChatGPT, an artificial
intelligence chatbot able to answer questions
and write essaysThe G7 and Australia join the EU in imposing a
cap of $60 a barrel on Russian crude oil,
designed to "prevent Russia from profiting from
its war of aggression against Ukraine"The National Ignition Facility achieves fusion
ignition, a major milestone in the development
of nuclear fusion powerThe Congress of Peru removes President Pedro
Castillo from office and arrests him after he
tries to dissolve congress in a coup attempt,
Vice President Dina Boluarte succeeds himAfter substantial protests against China's Zero-
COVID policies, the Chinese government eases
on its COVID restrictionsLeo Varadkar succeeds Micheál Martin as
Taoiseach (Prime Minister) of Ireland, as part of
a rotation agreement made in 2020At the UN Biodiversity Conference (COP15),
nearly 200 countries agree a landmark deal to
protect a third of the planet for nature by 2030The Parliament of Fiji elects Sitiveni Rabuka as
Prime Minister of Fiji, defeating incumbent
Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama after a
contentious electionBrazilian football legend Pelé dies at the age of
82The African Continental Free Trade Area comes
into effectThe border between Qatar and Saudi Arabia
reopensSupporters of US President Donald Trump
attack the US Capitol, disrupting certification of
the 2020 presidential election, and forcing
Congress to evacuateKim Jong-un is elected as the General Secretary
of the ruling Workers' Party of Korea, inheriting
the title from his father Kim Jong-il, who died in
2011In Lyon, France, the first transplant of both
arms and shoulders is performed on an
Icelandic patient at the Édouard Herriot
HospitalThe 2021 Ugandan general election is heldThe Lao People's Revolutionary Party elects
Thongloun Sisoulith as its new General
Secretary, replacing retiring chief Bounnhang
VorachithThe global death toll from COVID-19 passes 2
millionJoe Biden and Kamala Harris are inaugurated as
the 46th and 49th President and Vice President
of the United StatesThe Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear
Weapons, the first legally binding international
agreement comprehensively to prohibit nuclear
weapons, comes into effectIncumbent president Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
is reelectedThe number of confirmed COVID-19 cases
exceeds 100 million worldwideA near-total ban on abortion comes into effect
in PolandThe European Union invokes Article 16 of the
Northern Ireland Protocol following a row over
COVID-19 vaccine supplies before reversing the
decisionNguyễn Phú Trọng is re-elected for a third five-
year term as the General Secretary of the
Communist Party of VietnamA coup d'état in Myanmar removes Aung San
Suu Kyi from power and restores military rule
leading to widespread demonstrations across
the countryKosovo officially establishes diplomatic ties with
Israel and announces plans to open an
embassy in JerusalemThe number of COVID-19 vaccinations
administered worldwide exceeds 100 millionUS President Joe Biden announces that the
United States will cease providing weapons to
Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates
(UAE) for use in the Yemeni Civil WarA joint WHO–China investigation into the
source of the outbreak concludesThe UAE's uncrewed Hope spacecraft becomes
the first Arabian mission successfully to enter
orbit around MarsMalaysian court orders Rosmah Mansor, the
wife of former Prime Minister Najib Razak to
enter defence on all three graft chargesNASA's Mars 2020 mission (containing the
Perseverance rover and Ingenuity helicopter
drone) lands on Mars at Jezero Crater, after
seven months of travelThe United States officially rejoins the Paris
Agreement, 107 days after leaving7 people test positive for H5N8 bird flu at a
poultry farm in southern Russia, becoming the
first known human casesLuca Attanasio, the Italian Ambassador to the
Democratic Republic of the Congo, is murdered
near GomaThe COVAX vaccine-sharing initiative delivers its
first COVID-19 vaccines, delivering 600,000
doses for healthcare workers in GhanaThe Armenian military calls for prime minister
Nikol Pashinyan to resignThe Nuevas Ideas party wins 56 out of 84 seats
in the Legislative Assembly of El SalvadorPope Francis meets with Grand Ayatollah Ali al-
Sistani in Najaf, IraqThe Rally of Houphouëtists for Democracy and
Peace coalition wins 137 out of 255 seats in the
National Assembly of Ivory CoastNorth Korea severs diplomatic ties with
Malaysia due to a Malaysian court's ruling that
a North Korean citizen could be extradited to
the United States to face money-laundering
chargesSamia Suluhu Hassan is sworn in as president
of Tanzania following the death of her
predecessor, John MagufuliTurkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
announces his country's withdrawal from the
Istanbul Convention, the first country to do soClashes in Apure between Colombian FARC
dissidents and the Venezuelan Armed Forces
cause at least six casualties, as well as
displacing 4,000 VenezuelansThe Israeli general elections take place, the
fourth Knesset election in two yearsEver Given, one of the largest container ships in
the world, runs aground and obstructs the Suez
Canal, disrupting global tradeThe number of COVID-19 vaccinations
administered worldwide exceeds 500 millionRussia warns NATO against sending any troops
to aid Ukraine, amid reports of a large Russian
military build-up on its bordersThe 2021 Bulgarian parliamentary election is
heldMore than 270 people are killed in Indonesia
and East Timor after Cyclone Seroja strikes East
Nusa Tenggara and the island of TimorRoscosmos launches the Soyuz MS-18 mission,
carrying three Expedition 65 crewmembers to
the International Space StationPeru holds a general election, with Pedro
Castillo and the left-wing Free Peru party
winningIran accuses Israel of "nuclear terrorism" and
vows revenge after a large explosion destroys
the internal power system of the Natanz
uranium enrichment plantHideki Matsuyama wins the 2021 Masters
Tournament, becoming the first man from
Japan to win a major golf championshipJapan's government approves the dumping of
radioactive water of the Fukushima Daiichi
Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean over
the course of 30 years, with full support of the
International Atomic Energy AgencyScientists announce they successfully injected
human stem cells into the embryos of
monkeys, creating chimera-embryosThe global death toll from COVID-19 surpasses
3 millionThe Czech government concludes that the
Russian GRU was responsible for the blast of
two ammo warehouses in Vrbětice in 2014The Soyuz MS-17 mission concludes, returning
three crewmembers of Expedition 64 to Earth
from the International Space StationTwelve football clubs, including three from La
Liga and leading clubs from the Premier League
and Serie A, agree to join a new breakaway
European Super League, prompting
international condemnationThe 2021 Cape Verdean parliamentary election
is heldNASA's Ingenuity helicopter, part of the Mars
2020 mission, performs the first powered flight
on another planet in historyRaúl Castro resigns as First Secretary of the
Cuban Communist Party, ending more than 62
years of rule by the Castro brothers in CubaIdriss Déby, President of Chad, is killed in
clashes with rebel forces after 30 years in officeWorld leaders mark Earth Day by hosting a
virtual summit on climate change, during which
more ambitious targets for greenhouse gas
emission reductions are proposed, including a
40% cut by 2030 for the United StatesSpaceX launches the Crew-2 mission, carrying
four crew members of Expedition 65 and 66 to
the International Space Station aboard Crew
Dragon EndeavourUEFA announces that due to a lack of
guarantees regarding spectators caused by the
COVID-19 pandemic, Aviva Stadium in Dublin,
Ireland would be removed as a tournament
host for the UEFA Euro 2020Following an international search and rescue
effort, the Indonesian navy reports the sinking
of KRI Nanggala with 53 crew members, the
largest loss of life aboard a submarine since
2003The number of COVID-19 vaccinations
administered worldwide exceeds 1 billionAlbania holds parliamentary electionsAt least 55 people are killed and nearly 50,000
more are displaced in one of the most serious
clashes in Central Asia following border
disputes between Kyrgyzstan and TajikistanThe European Union approves the EU–UK
Trade and Cooperation Agreement, governing
the relationship between the EU and UK after
BrexitThe China National Space Administration
launches the first module of its Tiangong space
station, named Tianhe, beginning a two-year
effort to build the station in orbitThe SpaceX Crew-1 mission ends, returning
four crew members of Expedition 64 and 65 to
Earth from the International Space Station
aboard Crew Dragon ResilienceIsrael hits the Gaza Strip with airstrikes as
Hamas increases rocket fireIndia's death toll from COVID-19 exceeds
250,000The China National Space Administration lands
its Zhurong rover at Utopia Planitia on Mars,
making China the fourth country to land a
spacecraft on the planet and only the second to
land a roverFighting between Israeli forces and Palestinian
militants continues to escalate, as the death toll
exceeds 150Discovery, Inc. agrees to buy media
conglomerate WarnerMedia and all of its
subsidiaries from AT&T for US$43 billionFollowing international pressure, and nearly
250 deaths, Israel agrees to a ceasefire deal to
end the conflict with Gaza militants, effective
the next day at 2:00 am local timeRyanair Flight 4978 is forced to land by
Belarusian authorities to detain dissident
journalist Roman ProtasevichA coup d'état in Mali removes interim President
Bah Ndaw and the acting Prime Minister,
Moctar Ouane, from power and restores
military rule leading to the country being
suspended from the Economic Community of
West African States and the African Union, as
well as France suspending its military
operations in the countryThe Government of Guillermo Lasso is formed
in EcuadorShell becomes the first company to be legally
mandated to align its carbon emissions with
the Paris climate accord, following a landmark
court ruling in the NetherlandsThe 2021 Syrian presidential election is held2021 UEFA Champions League Final; Chelsea
become champions, defeating fellow English
club Manchester City 1–0 to win the UEFA
Champions League for the second timeThe 2021 Cypriot legislative election is heldThe 2021 Israeli presidential election is held,
and won by Isaac HerzogThe G7 agrees on a global minimum corporate
tax rate of 15% intended to prevent tax
avoidance by some of the world's biggest
multinationalsThe Juno spacecraft performs its only flyby of
Jupiter's moon Ganymede, the first flyby of the
moon by any spacecraft in over 20 yearsThe 2021 Mongolian presidential election is
heldThe Legislative Assembly of El Salvador passes
legislation to adopt Bitcoin as legal tender in
the country, becoming the first country to
adopt the cryptocurrency alongside the U.S.
dollarAn annular solar eclipse is visible from Canada,
Greenland, the North Pole, and the Russian Far
EastThe 2021 Algerian legislative election is held to
elect all 407 seats in the People's National
AssemblyBenjamin Netanyahu, the longest-serving prime
minister of Israel, is voted out of office; Naftali
Bennett and Yair Lapid are sworn in as Prime
Minister of Israel and as Alternate Prime
Minister of Israel, respectivelyThe China National Space Administration sends
its first three astronauts to occupy the
Tiangong Space Station, the country's first
space stationThe 2021 Iranian presidential election is heldActing PM Nikol Pashinyan wins the Armenia's
snap parliamentary election, with his Civil
Contract party gaining 54% of the voteNew Zealand wins the 2019–2021 ICC World
Test ChampionshipA portion of the Champlain South Towers
condominium building collapses in Surfside,
Florida, United States, leaving 98 people deadDerek Chauvin is convicted and sentenced to 22
years and 6 months in prison, for the murder of
George Floyd and for starting the national and
international protestThe Tigray Defense Force seizes the Tigrayan
capital Mekelle shortly after the Ethiopian
government declares a ceasefireThe number of COVID-19 vaccinations
administered worldwide exceeds 3 billionOver 130 wildfires, fuelled by lightning strikes,
burn through Western Canada following a
record-breaking heatwave in North America
that results in over 600 deathsMore than 1,000 Afghan soldiers flee to
neighbouring Tajikistan after clashing with
Taliban militantsHaitian President Jovenel Moïse is shot to death
at 1:00 am local time in his homeThe number of deaths from COVID-19
surpasses 4 millionThousands of Cubans, most of them young,
attend a rare anti-government protest in San
Antonio de los Baños to protest the increased
food and medicine shortages brought on by the
COVID-19 pandemicMoldova holds a parliamentary election, with
the Party of Action and Solidarity (PAS)
obtaining a majority of seatsBulgaria holds a parliamentary election, with
the party There Is Such a People (ITN) leadingHeavy rain causes flooding in the border region
of Germany and Belgium, resulting in 229
deaths, including 184 in Germany, 42 in
Belgium with 1 person still missing there, and 2
in RomaniaAfter the Supreme Court declares his
incumbency unconstitutional, KP Oli is
succeeded by Sher Bahadur Deuba as 43rd
Prime Minister of NepalAn international investigation reveals that
spyware sold by Israel's NSO Group to different
governments is being used to target heads of
state, along with thousands of activists,
journalists and dissidents around the worldBlue Origin successfully conducts its first
human test flight, with a reusable New Shepard
rocket delivering four crew members into space
including its founder Jeff BezosLeftist schoolteacher Pedro Castillo is
confirmed as President of Peru over a month
after the 2021 Peruvian general electionThe Court of Appeal of Samoa deemed the
swearing-in of Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa and her
government as constitutional, ending a three-
month constitutional crisisTunisian president Kais Saied formally takes
power in the country, suspending the
parliament and sacking the prime ministerThe first direct observation of light from behind
a black hole is reported, confirming Einstein's
theory of general relativityRoscosmos' Nauka laboratory docks with the
International Space Station following a
protracted seventeen-year development and
launch on 21 JulyThe oil tanker Mercer Street is attacked off the
coast of OmanThe oil tanker Asphalt Princess is hijacked off
the coast of the United Arab EmiratesWildfires in Greece beginBelarusian sprinter Krystsina Tsimanouskaya is
given political asylum in Poland through a
humanitarian visa after attempts by the Belarus
Olympic Committee to repatriate her against
her willThe number of confirmed COVID-19 cases
surpasses 200 million worldwideThe Tigray Defense Forces seize the UNESCO
World Heritage Site of LalibelaThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change releases the first part of its Sixth
Assessment Report, which concludes that the
effects of human-caused climate change are
now "widespread, rapid, and intensifying"The 2021 Zambian general election is heldA 7.2-magnitude earthquake strikes Haiti, killing
more than 2,500 peopleThe Taliban capture Kabul; the Afghan
government surrenders to the TalibanAt least 182 people are killed, including 13 U.S.
service members, in a suicide bomb attack at
Kabul airportThe United States launches an airstrike that it
claims killed the Islamic State member who was
believed to have planned the Kabul airport
bombingsHurricane Ida strikes New Orleans, Louisiana,
USA, after having caused devastation in
VenezuelaThe UN Environment Programme announces
that leaded petrol in road vehicles has been
phased out globally, a hundred years after its
introductionThe United States withdraws its last remaining
troops from Hamid Karzai International Airport,
Kabul, ending 20 years of operations in
AfghanistanGuinea's President Alpha Condé is detained by
an elite military unit led by a former French
legionnaire, Lt. Col. Mamady Doumbouya,
claiming to have seized powerEl Salvador becomes the first country in the
world to accept Bitcoin as an official currencyPrime Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob and Anwar
Ibrahim, the leader of the main Malaysian
opposition coalition Pakatan Harapan, sign a
confidence and supply agreement ending the
18-month political crisis that has led to the fall
of two successive governments in MalaysiaThe 2021 Norwegian parliamentary election is
heldNorth Korea demonstrates two short-range
ballistic missiles that land just outside Japan's
territorial waters; and then only hours later
South Korea demonstrates its first submarine-
launched ballistic missileThe inaugural season of the UEFA Europa
Conference League, the third tier of European
club football, kicks off with Israeli club Maccabi
Tel Aviv winning 4–1 against Armenian club FC
AlashkertA trilateral security pact between Australia, the
United Kingdom, and the United States is
formed ("AUKUS"), to counter the influence of
ChinaSeveral ministers of the Argentine president
Alberto Fernández's cabinet resign after the
government's defeat in the primary elections,
triggering a political crisis in the countryInspiration4, launched by SpaceX, becomes the
first all-civilian private spaceflight, carrying a
four-person crew on a three-day orbit of the
EarthThe 2021 Russian legislative election is held,
with the United Russia party winning nearly
50% of the voteThe 2021 Canadian federal election is held, with
Justin Trudeau and the Liberal Party retaining a
minority governmentThe 2021 Icelandic parliamentary election is
heldThe 2021 German federal election is held, with
Olaf Scholz and the Social Democratic Party
beating out the CDU/CSU coalitionThe 2020 World Expo in Dubai beginsThe International Consortium of Investigative
Journalists and assorted media partners
publish a set of 11.9 million documents leaked
from 14 financial services companies known as
the Pandora Papers, revealing offshore
financial activities that involve multiple current
and former world leadersFumio Kishida becomes the 100th Prime
Minister of Japan, succeeding Yoshihide Suga.Roscosmos launches the Soyuz MS-19 mission,
which carries an Expedition 66 crewmember
and two Channel One Russia personnel to the
International Space StationThe World Health Organization endorses the
first malaria vaccineSebastian Kurz announces his resignation as
Chancellor of Austria as a result of a corruption
probe launched against himThe Lucy spacecraft is launched by NASA, the
first mission to explore the Trojan asteroidsColombia's most wanted drug lord, Dario
Antonio Úsuga, whose Gulf Clan controls many
smuggling routes into the US and other
countries, is captured by Colombia's armed
forcesThe 2021 Uzbek presidential election is heldThe Sudanese military launches a coup against
the governmentThe 2021 Japanese general election is held, with
Fumio Kishida and the Liberal Democratic Party
along with its coalition partner Komeito
retaining a majority governmentThe number of recorded deaths from COVID-19
surpasses 5 millionCroatia begins its term in the presidency of the
European UnionFlash floods struck Jakarta, Indonesia, killing 66
people in a worst flooding in over a decadeThe Royal Australian Air Force and Navy are
deployed to New South Wales and Victoria to
assist mass evacuation efforts amidst the 2019–
20 Australian bushfire seasonA United States drone strike at Baghdad
International Airport kills ten people, including
the intended target, Iranian general Qasem
Soleimani, and Iraqi paramilitary leader Abu
Mahdi al-MuhandisPresident Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announces the
deployment of Turkish troops to Libya on
behalf of the United Nations-backed
Government of National AccordIn the second round of voting, Zoran Milanović
of the Social Democratic Party of Croatia
defeats incumbent president Kolinda Grabar-
KitarovićIran launches ballistic missiles at two Iraqi
military bases hosting U.S. soldiers, injuring
multiple personnelUkraine International Airlines Flight 752 is shot
down by Iranian forces shortly after takeoff
from Tehran Imam Khomeini International
Airport, killing all 176 people on boardA rare, circumbinary planet called TOI 1338-b is
discoveredIslamic State in the Greater Sahara militants
assault a Nigerien military base in Chinagodrar,
killing at least 89 Nigerien soldiersHaitham bin Tariq succeeds Qaboos bin Said as
the Sultan of OmanPresidential and legislative elections are held in
TaiwanThe Taal Volcano in the Philippines has its first
major eruption since 1977The first impeachment trial of the President of
the United States, Donald Trump, begins in the
U.S. Senate111 Yemeni soldiers and 5 civilians are killed in
a drone and missile attack on a military camp
near MaʼribChinese authorities publicly confirm human-to-
human transmission of severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2The Hellenic Parliament elects Katerina
Sakellaropoulou as president of GreeceThe Chinese city of Wuhan, the epicentre of the
initial COVID-19 outbreak, is quarantined with
all scheduled public transport services and
intercity flights haltedThe 2020 Peruvian parliamentary election is
held to elect all 130 members of the Congress
of the Republic of PeruU.S. president Donald Trump signs the United
States–Mexico–Canada Agreement, a North
American trade agreement set to replace
NAFTAThe World Health Organization (WHO) declares
the outbreak of the disease as a Public Health
Emergency of International Concern, the sixth
time that this measure has been invoked since
2009The United Kingdom and Gibraltar formally
withdraw from the European Union, beginning
an 11-month transition periodA rare Universal Palindrome Date (02/02/2020)
occurs in the Gregorian calendarThe 2020 Irish general election is held to elect
all 160 members of the 33rd Dáil Éireann, the
lower house of the OireachtasThe World Health Organization (WHO) names
the disease COVID-19NASA publishes a detailed study of Arrokoth,
the most distant body ever explored by a
spacecraftEleven people are killed and five injured in a
terrorist shooting spree by a far-right extremist
targeting shisha bars in Hanau, near Frankfurt,
GermanyThe Pakatan Harapan coalition government of
Malaysia collapses and is replaced by the
Perikatan Nasional coalitionTriggered by fears of the spreading of COVID-
19, the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA)
plunges by 1,190.95 points, or 4.4%, to close at
25,766.64, its largest one-day point decline at
the timeNATO expresses solidarity with Turkey after 34
Turkish soldiers were killed in an airstrike by
pro-Syrian government forcesA conditional peace agreement is signed
between the United States and the TalibanDuring a demonstration, pro-government
colectivos shoot at disputed President and
Speaker of the National Assembly Juan Guaidó
and his supporters in Barquisimeto, Venezuela,
leaving five injuredThe International Criminal Court authorizes the
Afghanistan War Crimes inquiry to proceed,
reportedly allowing for the first time for U.S.
citizens to be investigatedItaly becomes the first country to implement a
nationwide quarantine in response to the
COVID-19 outbreakInternational share prices fall sharply in
response to a Russo-Saudi oil price war and the
impact of COVID-19The World Health Organization declares the
COVID-19 outbreak a pandemicGlobal stock markets crash due to the COVID-
19 pandemic and the United States travel ban
on the Schengen AreaThe government of Nepal announces that
Mount Everest will be closed to climbers and
the public for the rest of the season due to
concerns from the COVID-19 pandemic in AsiaThe Dow Jones Industrial Average falls by
2,997.10, the single largest point drop in history
and the second-largest percentage drop ever at
12.93%, an even greater crash than Black
Monday (1929)The European Union's external and Schengen
borders are closed for at least 30 days in an
effort to curb the COVID-19 pandemicThe Euro 2020 and 2020 Copa América
association football tournaments are
postponed until the summer of 2021 by UEFA
and CONMEBOL respectivelyThe Eurovision Song Contest 2020 is cancelled
due to the spread of COVID-19 in Europe, the
first cancellation in the contest's 64-year historySolidarity trial, a WHO-sponsored clinical trial
dedicated to finding a cure against COVID-19, is
announcedThe worldwide death toll from COVID-19
surpasses 10,000 as the total number of cases
reaches a quarter of a millionThe Bhadla Solar Park is commissioned and
becomes the world's largest solar parkIndia and the United Kingdom go into lockdown
to contain COVID-19Chinese Premier Li Keqiang reports that the
domestically transmitted epidemic is now
under controlThe International Olympic Committee and
Japan postpone the 2020 Summer Olympics to
2021Global COVID-19 cases reach 500,000, with
nearly 23,000 deaths confirmedMilitants in the Philippines, Syria, Yemen, and
Libya agree to U.N. Secretary-General António
Guterres' call for a ceasefire; some accept
medical aid for themselves and civilians in their
communitiesNorth Macedonia becomes the 30th country to
join NATOThe price of Brent Crude falls 9% to $23 per
barrel, the lowest level since November 2002China reports 130 asymptomatic cases of
COVID-19, its first reported asymptomatic casesYemen's internationally recognised government
releases more than 470 of its prisoners amid
concerns of the spread of the virus in Yemen's
overcrowded jailsThe number of confirmed cases of COVID-19
passes 1 million worldwideThe first case of COVID-19 in a zoo animal is
reported: a four-year-old female Malayan tiger
at the Bronx Zoo in New York CityThe United States designates the Russian
Imperial Movement as a terrorist organization
and imposes sanctions on its leaders; it is the
first white supremacist group the U.S. has
designated as a terrorist organizationJapan declares a state of emergency in
response to COVID-19 and finalises a stimulus
package worth 108 trillion yen (US$990 billion),
equal to 20% of the country's GDPThe Saudi–led coalition declares a unilateral
ceasefire in its operations against Houthi forces
in Yemen in accordance with United Nations-
led effortsThe Democratic Republic of the Congo reports
the first case of Ebola since February 2020The ESA/JAXA space probe BepiColombo makes
its final gravity assist around Earth and begins
to depart for Venus, where it will make several
gravity assist maneuvers before finally arriving
at Mercury in 2025The death toll from COVID-19 exceeds 100,000
globally, a ten-fold increase from March 20EU finance ministers agree on a €540 billion
loan package to alleviate the economic fallout
of the coronavirus pandemicPope Francis livestreams the Urbi et Orbi
blessing for Easter; it is the second blessing in a
month, with the first taking place on March 27
during a special prayer service for the end of
the pandemicOPEC and allies strike a deal to cut oil
production by 9.7 million barrels per day, the
largest such cut agreed upon, starting May 1The International Monetary Fund (IMF) says it
expects the world economy to shrink 3%, the
worst contraction since the Great Depression of
the 1930sU.S. president Donald Trump announces that
the U.S. will suspend funding towards the
World Health Organization (WHO) pending an
investigation of its handling of the COVID-19
pandemic and its relationship with ChinaThe number of confirmed cases of COVID-19
passes 2 million worldwideThe 2020 Tour de France is delayed until August
2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemicThe 2020 South Korean legislative election is
held to elect all 300 members of the National
Assembly of South Korea and the Democratic
Party of Korea-Platform Party alliance wins 180
out of 300 seatsThe China Securities Regulatory Commission
approves a transaction in which Switzerland's
Credit Suisse will take a majority interest in a
China securities firm, making Credit Suisse the
first foreign bank to own a majority of such a
company since the easing of foreign ownership
rules in 2018France formally cedes its rights to the
Malouines Islands to SpainThe last Colonial governor of New Jersey,
William Franklin, signs the charter of Queen's
College (later renamed Rutgers University)A British sloop-of-war is searching all vessels
passing near Cape Lookout, North Carolina,
and some vessels have been seized, according
to an observer in New York City, in the Province
of New York, reporting to the Pennsylvania
GazetteWolfgang Amadeus Mozart returns to Salzburg,
after the Mozart family grand tour of EuropeThe Law on the Freedom of Printing abolishes
censorship in Sweden and guarantees freedom
of the press, making Sweden the first country
of the world to introduce constitutional
protection of press freedom, and to pass wide-
ranging freedom of information legislationJames Christie holds the first sale at Christie's
auction house in LondonMapuches in Chile launch a series of surprise
attacks against the Spanish starting the
Mapuche uprising of 1766The first annual volume of The Nautical
Almanac and Astronomical Ephemeris,
produced by British Astronomer Royal Nevil
Maskelyne at the Royal Observatory,
Greenwich, gives navigators the means to find
longitude at sea, using tables of lunar distanceWilliam Tryon, governor of the Royal Colony of
North Carolina, signs a contract with architect
John Hawks to build Tryon Palace, a lavish
Georgian style governor's mansion on the New
Bern waterfrontOn orders from head of state Pasquale Paoli of
the newly independent Republic of Corsica, a
contingent of about 200 Corsican soldiers
begins an invasion of the small island of
Capraia off of the coast of northern Italy and
territory of the Republic of GenoaThe Earl of Shelburne, British Secretary of State
for the Southern Department (which has
jurisdiction over Britain's American colonies)
fires the unpopular Governor of West Florida,
George Johnstone, and summons him back to
LondonKing Carlos III of Spain issues a decree expelling
the Jesuits from the dominions of the Spanish
Empire worldwideBritish Chancellor of the Exchequer Charles
Townshend, having already pushed through the
unpopular Townshend Acts to recoup war
expenses from Britain's American colonies,
presents a comprehensive plan for more taxes
in a closed door session of the House of
Commons, with most proposals passed within a
monthAntonio de Ulloa, the Colonial Governor of
Spanish Louisiana (Luisiana), dispatches
Captain Francisco Ríu y Morales up the
Mississippi River to establish two forts, one at
San Luis (now St. Louis, Missouri) and to set up
a colony for displaced French-speaking
Acadians and protect shipping on the riverSpain acquires control of what are now called
the Falkland Islands from France, compensating
French Admiral Louis Antoine de Bougainville
for the money spent on the construction of the
settlement at Fort Saint LouisEnforcement begins of the February 27 decree
by King Carlos III of Spain, ordering the
suppression of the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits)
in the colonies in Spanish AmericaSuppression of the Jesuits begins, in the
Spanish Empire and Kingdom of NaplesTroops of the Burmese Konbaung dynasty sack
the Siamese city of Ayutthaya, ending the
Burmese–Siamese War (1765–67) after 15
months, and bringing the four-century-old
Ayutthaya Kingdom to an endA fleet of ships from the Republic of Genoa
arrives at Capraia and sends 150 men ashore to
drive out the Corsicans, but the outnumbered
Genoese marines are "quickly cut to pieces"Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet, acting on
behalf of Great Britain, meets with
representatives of the Six Nations of the
Iroquois Confederacy at German Flatts, New
York, opening negotiations on the boundary
between the New York colony and the Native
Americans, eventually concluded by the Treaty
of Fort StanwixAhmed al-Ghazzal, the emissary from Sultan
Mohammed ben Abdallah of Morocco to the
Spanish Empire, makes a triumphant return to
Marrakesh with almost 300 Muslims who had
been held captive in Spain, as well as sacred
Islamic manuscripts that had been seized by
the Spanish in 1612The Genoese island of Capraia is conquered by
the Corsican Army after a ten-week campaignBritish Royal Navy Captain Samuel Wallis
becomes the first European to visit the island of
Tahiti in the Pacific Ocean, during HMS
Dolphin's second circumnavigation; he also
sights MehetiaPitcairn Island in the Pacific Ocean is sighted
from HMS Swallow, by 15-year-old Midshipman
Robert Pitcairn, on a British Royal Navy
expeditionary voyage commanded by Philip
Carteret, the first definite European sightingNorway's oldest newspaper still in print,
Adresseavisen, is first publishedConstruction begins on Tryon Palace in New
Bern, North CarolinaThe Spanish Empire's Governorate of the Río de
la Plata and Governorate of Paraguay begin the
process of expulsion of the 456 members of the
Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) from southern
South America, placing them on five ships
bound for SpainFrederick North, Lord North becomes the new
British Chancellor of the Exchequer after the
sudden death of Charles TownshendSurveying of the "Mason–Dixon line", which will
later become the traditional division between
the northern and southern states of the United
States, is completed by Charles Mason and
Jeremiah Dixon after four years, initially to
settle a boundary dispute between the colonies
of Delaware, Pennsylvania and Maryland.At the Foundling Hospital in London, Dr.
William Watson becomes the first physician to
conduct a controlled clinical trial, selecting 32
boys and girls of similar age who have not yet
had smallpoxŠćepan Mali, nicknamed "Stephen the Little", is
selected as the legislature at Podgorica to be
the Tsar of Montenegro, representing "a short
but an important break in the succession of the
Petrovic dynasty"In France, several anti-Jewish regulations in
place since October 12, 1661, are repealed by
the King's Council that advises Louis XV of
FranceA boycott, of 38 types of goods imported from
England, is resolved by Boston merchants
meeting at Faneuil Hall as a response to the
taxes imposed by Great Britain, and one of the
first "Buy American" campaigns is started in
order to encourage the purchase of items
manufactured and produced in the 13 coloniesScottish-born American merchant and
shipowner Andrew Sprowle of Portsmouth,
Virginia, establishes the Gosport Shipyard on
the western shore of the Elizabeth River in the
Virginia Colony, on the site of what will
eventually become the Norfolk Naval ShipyardKing Ferdinand IV of the Spanish dominated
Kingdom of Naples follows Spain's lead and
orders the expulsion of the Jesuits from Naples
and has them marched northward to the
Neapolitan border with the Papal StatesFrancisco de Paula Bucareli, the Governor of
Buenos Aires (at the time, a province within the
Spanish Empire's Viceroyalty of Peru), hosts the
caciques who are the Guarani chiefs of the 30
mission towns established by Jesuit
missionaries, in an effort to gain Guarani
peoples' support in the expulsion of the Jesuits.At the new King's College medical school in New
York City (later the Columbia University College
of Physicians and Surgeons), Dr. John Jones
gives the first lecture by a surgical professor in
North AmericaThe Timucua Indian tribe, native to central
Florida, becomes extinct with the death of the
last speaker of the Timucuan language, Juan
Alonso CabaleUnder the coercion of Russian occupation
armies, the legislature of Poland follows the
wishes of Russian Minister Nicholas Repnin and
agrees to allow the kingdom to become a
Russian protectorateThe new American Colonies Act 1766,
commonly called the "Declaratory Act", goes
into effect, virtually providing for Great Britain's
Parliament to govern lawmaking in 13 colonies
and exacerbating tensions thereOconostota and Attakullakulla, Chiefs of the
Cherokee people in the Carolinas, depart from
Charleston, South Carolina on a ship voyage to
New York City, where they are welcomed by
British colonial officials as a prelude to
negotiations with Britain's Superintendent of
Indian Affairs, Sir William JohnsonThe Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria, in
her capacity as Queen of Hungary, issues an
edict against the Romani people (commonly
called the gypsies), prohibiting them from
marrying and calling for gypsy children to be
taken away by the government so that they can
be brought up by Christian families, a
proclamation that "produced little or no effect
in comparison with the trouble involved"Future Pennsylvania chief executive John
Dickinson begins publishing his revolutionary
"Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania" in the
Pennsylvania ChroniclePhraya Taksin, a minor provincial official in
Siam (now Thailand), crowns himself as King of
Siam, establishing the Siamese Thonburi
Kingdom, taking the regnal name of
Borommaracha IV and begins a 14-year reign of
liberation and conquest; historically, he is
known as "Taksin the Great"Oconostota and Attakullakulla arrive at
Johnstown, New York where they, along with
leaders of the Six Nations of the Iroquois
Confederacy (the Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida,
Cayuga, Seneca and Tuscarora tribal nations)
meet with Sir William Johnson to begin peace
negotiations with the British EmpirePhilip Astley stages the first modern circus, with
acrobats on galloping horses, in LondonSamuel Adams's circular letter is issued by the
Massachusetts House of Representatives, and
sent to the other Thirteen ColoniesWith Russian troops occupying the nation,
opposition legislators of the national legislature
having been deported, the government of
Poland signs a treaty virtually turning the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth into a
protectorate of the Russian EmpireThe first Secretary of State for the Colonies is
appointed in Britain, the Earl of HillsboroughFive days after the signing of the treaty, a group
of the szlachta, Polish nobles, establishes the
Bar Confederation, to defend the internal and
external independence of the Polish–Lithuanian
Commonwealth against Russian influence, and
against King Stanisław II AugustusKing Louis XV of France decrees that all cities
and towns in the kingdom will be required to
post house numbering on all residential
buildings, primarily to facilitate the forced
quartering of troops in citizens' homesBritain's Superintendent of Indian Affairs, Sir
William Johnson, concludes a peace agreement
with the leaders of the Six Nations of the
Iroquois Confederacy (the Mohawk, Onondaga,
Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca and Tuscarora tribal
nations) of the northern American lands, and
with Chiefs Oconostota and Attakullakulla of
the Cherokee nation in the southern American
landsPrithvi Singh begins a reign of 10 years as the
new Raja of Jaipur (part of the modern-day
Indian state of Rajasthan), 12 days after the
death of Madho SinghCatherine the Great of Russia dispatches troops
under General Pyotr Krechetnikov to intervene
in a civil war in Poland, at the request of
Poland's King Stanisław II Augustus, a move
that will ultimately lead to the Partitions of
PolandThe Cotopaxi volcano erupts in what is now
Ecuador, at the time part of the Spanish
Viceroyalty of Nueva Granada, covering the
towns of Hambato and Tacunga with ash, but
not causing fatalitiesThe New York Chamber of Commerce, first of
its kind in the American colonies, is founded by
20 New York merchants at Bolton and Sigel's
Tavern at 54 Pearl Street in New York CityJohn Wilkes is imprisoned for writing an article
for The North Briton, severely criticizing King
George III of Great BritainAfter the Treaty of Versailles, the island of
Corsica is ceded by Genoa to FranceThe largest mass meeting ever held in New
England, up to this time, takes place at the Old
South Church to support a petition demanding
that the British remove a ship which has been
hindering navigation in Boston HarborRussia captures the fortress of BarChina revises the COVID-19 death toll in Wuhan
upward, adding 1,290 more fatalities to bring
the country's reported COVID-19 deaths to
4,632Europe surpasses 100,000 COVID-19-related
deathsThe U.N. Human Rights Office accuses
Myanmar of carrying out daily airstrikes in the
Rakhine and Chin states and that at least 32
civilians have been killed since March 2344 suspected Boko Haram members are found
dead, apparently due to poisoning, inside a
prison in N'Djamena, ChadUnrest breaks out in Paris, Berlin and
Vladikavkaz as opposition to COVID-19
lockdowns continueOil prices reach a record low, with West Texas
Intermediate falling into negative valuesThe Industrial Bank of Korea agrees to pay
US$86 million and will enter a two-year
deferred prosecution agreement to settle
lawsuits with the U.S. Department of Justice
and the state of New York over a 2011 scheme
to help transfer US$1 billion to IranIsraeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and
Blue and White Alliance leader Benny Gantz
agree on a deal to form a unity government,
thus ending more than a year of political
deadlockMozambique police say 52 male villagers were
killed by Islamist militants earlier this month in
Muidumbe District, Cabo Delgado Province,
after they refused to join their ranksIran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
deploys the country's first military satellite,
using a new satellite carrier called "Ghased"
("Messenger")Two former high-ranking members of the
Syrian Army go on trial in Koblenz, Germany,
for alleged war crimes committed during the
Syrian Civil WarFacebook removes "pseudoscience" and
"conspiracy theory" as options for targeted ads
as criticism mounts against social media for its
role in spreading misinformation about COVID-
19The Southern Transitional Council (STC)
announces the establishment of a self-rule
administration in southern Yemen and deploys
forces in AdenThe global death toll from COVID-19 exceeds
200,000King Salman issues a royal decree, declaring
that people will no longer be executed in Saudi
Arabia for crimes they were convicted of when
they were minorsThe number of confirmed COVID-19 cases
passes 3 million worldwide, while the number
of confirmed cases in the U.S. passes 1 millionA fast radio burst is detected from the
Magnetar SGR 1935+2154, the first ever
detected inside the Milky Way, and the first to
be linked to a known sourceColombia formalizes its membership with the
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development (OECD), becoming the 37th
nation of the organizationThe Indian Ministry of External Affairs
condemns the U.S. Commission on
International Religious Freedom after its annual
report recommends placing India on the
"countries of particular concern" blacklist over
the Citizenship Amendment Act, the revocation
of Jammu and Kashmir's special status, and
controversial comments made by Home
Minister Amit Shah, among others(52768) 1998 OR2, a near-Earth asteroid that is
2 kilometers (1.2 mi) wide, makes a close
approach of 0.042 AU (6.3 million km; 16 LD) to
EarthNASA officially selects SpaceX, Blue Origin, and
Dynetics to build its next-generation lunar
lander to carry American astronauts to the
Moon by 2024Bulgaria applies for ERM II (the "waiting room"
for the Eurozone), due to join along with
Croatia in July 2020The total number of recovered COVID-19
patients reaches 1 million worldwide, according
to data from The Johns Hopkins UniversityA riot and attempted escape attempt leaves 47
dead and 75 injured in the Centro Penitenciario
de los Llanos in Guanare, VenezuelaFollowing a brief cabinet meeting, United States
Secretary of State John Hay announces the
success of negotiations with other nations to
begin the Open Door Policy to promote trade
with ChinaIn Baltimore, physicist Dr. Henry A. Rowland of
Johns Hopkins University announces that he
has discovered that the cause of Earth's
magnetic field was its own rotation, based on
experiments to produce magnetism by the
rotation of a motorIn the Siege of Ladysmith, Boer troops under
the command of General C.J. de Villiers attempt
a raid against the British fortress in South AfricaItalian football club Lazio is founded as Società
Podistica Lazio, being the first football club
founded in the Italian capital of RomeThe opera Tosca, composed by Giacomo
Puccini, is presented for the first time,
premiering at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome.At the Battle of Spion Kop in the Second Boer
War, the 8,000 Boer troops, under the
command of General Louis Botha, defeat a
25,000-man British contingent, led by Sir
Charles WarrenIn Peiping (now Beijing), diplomats for the
United Kingdom, the United States, France,
Germany and Italy send notes to the Chinese
Foreign Ministry (the Zongli Yamen) requesting
an imperial decree to order the suppression of
the Boxers and the Big Swords Society in
Shandong and ZhiliAt the United States Department of State
building in Washington, D.C., State Secretary
John Hay and British Ambassador to the United
States Lord Pauncefote sign a treaty to amend
the Clayton–Bulwer Treaty of 1850, in order to
permit construction of the proposed Nicaragua
CanalIn a turning point in the Second Boer War,
British troops invade the Orange Free State,
crossing inside the Boer frontier for the first
time since the war beganThe Siege of Kimberley is lifted, four months
after the British inhabitants defended an attack
by the Boers during the Second Boer WarThree men from the Anglo-Norwegian Southern
Cross Expedition, exploring Antarctica, cross
the Great Ice Barrier (now the Ross Ice Shelf)
and reach a point further south than humans
have ever traveledAt Paardeberg, General Piet Cronjé and 3,000
Boer troops unconditionally surrender to
British General Frederick Roberts, commander
of British forces in South Africa during the
Second Boer WarBayern Munich, the most successful team in
German football, is foundedTwo U.S. Navy cruisers, the USS Detroit and the
USS Marblehead, are sent to Central America to
protect American interests in a dispute
between Nicaragua and Costa RicaForty-six coal miners are killed at the Red Ash
Mine at Fayette County, West VirginiaAt 1:14 in the afternoon at the White House,
U.S. President William McKinley signs the Gold
Standard Act into law using a gold pen
presented to him by U.S. Representative Jesse
Overstreet of Indiana, who has sponsored the
legislationBotanist Hugo de Vries submits a paper to the
German journal Comptes Rendus, outlining a
rediscovery of Mendel's laws of heredity.Dr. Karl Landsteiner's first report on his
discovery of a process for classification of the
four blood groups under the ABO blood group
system (as A, B, AB and O), "Regarding on the
knowledge of the antifermentative, lytic and
agglutinating effects of the blood serum and
the lymph" is published in the Austrian medical
journal Centralblatt fur Bakteriologie,
Parasitenkunde und InfektionskrankheitenQueen Victoria visits her subjects in Dublin,
Ireland (at the time, a part of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland) after
landing the night before at Kingstown on the
yacht Victoria and AlbertFrench President Émile Loubet formally opens
the Paris World ExhibitionIn the Battle of Kousséri, in Chad, French forces
commanded by Major Amédée-François Lamy
finally defeat the forces of Rabih az-Zubayr
after two years of war, bringing Chad under the
jurisdiction of French Equatorial AfricaAn explosion kills 246 coal miners by carbon
monoxide poisoningThe International Olympic Committee stages
the second modern Olympic games in Paris,
starting with competition held in fencingAt 3:30 in the morning, the Siege of Mafeking
ends after seven months, when Colonel Bryan
Mahon leads troops to relieve the besieged
British residents during the Second Boer WarAt the village of Kaolo "midway between Peking
(Beijing) and Paotingfu (Baoding)", 61 Chinese
Christian converts are massacred in the worst
attack to this time in the Boxer RebellionThe first copy of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz,
by L. Frank Baum, comes off the pressA day after signing a treaty with King Tupou of
Tonga, emissary Basil Thomson declares the
South Pacific kingdom to be a protectorate of
the United KingdomAt noon, the Orange Free State is annexed to
the British Empire, in a proclamation at
Bloemfontein by its new military governor,
Major General George T. PretymanWestern forces arrive in Beijing to protect their
nations' citizens during the Boxer RebellionAt 2:00 in the afternoon, Pretoria, capital of the
South African Republic, surrenders to British
General Lord RobertsCarrie Nation starts her crusade against liquorBy a vote of 201–103, the Reichstag approves
the expansion of the Imperial German Navy,
doubling the number of ships to 96 in allAt 3:25pm, the ships from the Eight-Nation
Alliance start bombardment of the Taku Forts
in China and begin an invasionClemens von Ketteler, the German ambassador
to China, is murdered as he and an aide go to
the Chinese Foreign Ministry (Zongli Yamen)
without their guardsA fire that killed 326 people starts at Pier 8 of
the Norddeutscher Lloyd (NDL) shipping
company in Hoboken, New Jersey when cotton
bales and barrels of turpentine and oil begin
burning at around 4 o'clock in the afternoonStarting at 8:03 pm, the first rigid airship flew
from the Manzell district of Friedrichshafen,
Germany, near Lake ConstanceA German cruise ship, the SS Deutschland,
breaks the Blue Riband record for the first time
with an average speed of 22.42 knots (41.52
km/h; 25.80 mph)The First Pan-African Conference takes place in
London, a three-day international gathering
focused on strategies to bring about rights for
all people of African ancestry, independence
from colonialism for African countries and
international black unityAt Monza, King Umberto I of Italy is
assassinated by anarchist Gaetano Bresci, a
resident of Paterson, New JerseyThe 20,000-member multinational force arrives
at Beijing for the Battle of PekingA group of thunderstorms pass over Cape
Verde and then begin the process of
coalescence and a westward drift along the
trade windsA powerful hurricane hits Galveston, Texas,
killing at least 6,000 of the island's 38,000
residentsAdmiral Fredrik von Otter becomes Prime
Minister of Sweden, succeeding Erik Gustaf
Boström, who resigned "for reasons of health"Filipino resistance fighters under the command
of Colonel Maxio Abad defeats a large American
column in the Battle of Pulang Lupa, and
capture Captain James ShieldsFilipinos under the command of General Juan
Cailles defeat Americans from the 15th and
37th Infantries, under the command of Captain
David Mitchell, at the Battle of MabitacUpon arriving on HMS Mildura at the island of
Rarotonga, Lord Knox, Governor of New
Zealand, presents the five Ariki with a Deed of
Cession for them to sign, permitting the United
Kingdom to annex the Cook Islands, but placing
them within the jurisdiction of New ZealandMax Planck presents, to the Physical Society of
Berlin, what is now called Planck's law of
blackbody radiation, described as "a discovery
that opened the way to the development of the
quantum theory and provided the initial
formulation for that theory"The Transvaal Colony is annexed to the United
KingdomWilliam McKinley is re-elected as President of
the United States, with 292 electoral votes over
155 for Democratic challenger William Jennings
BryanOn a date now considered to be the birthday of
quantum mechanics, Max Planck presents his
paper "On the Theory of the Law of Energy
Distribution in Normal Spectrum" at a meeting
of the German Physical Society in BerlinGovernor-General of Australia Earl of Hopetoun
passes up favorite Edmund Barton as his choice
for the Commonwealth's first Prime Minister,
selecting instead Sir William Lyne, in a decision
memorialized as the Hopetoun BlunderThe British colonies of New South Wales,
Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria
and Western Australia federate as the
Commonwealth of AustraliaNigeria becomes a British protectorateLord Kitchener reported that Christiaan de Wet
has shot one of the "peace" envoys, and
flogged two more, who had gone to his
commando to ask the Burgher citizens of South
Africa to halt fightingQueen Victoria of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, Empress of India, 81, dies at
Osborne House, her residence on the Isle of
Wight, at 6:30 in the eveningThe funeral of Queen Victoria takes place at St
George's Chapel in Windsor Castle after her
body is transported from Portsmouth to
LondonAs Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon creates the
new North-West Frontier Province in the north
of the Punjab region, bordering AfghanistanKing Edward opens his first Parliament of the
United Kingdom, appearing in person before
both housesThe Hawaii Territorial Legislature convenes for
the first timeThe City of Rio de Janeiro, a passenger liner
operated by the Pacific Mail Steamship
Company, strikes a reef as it is entering San
Francisco Bay on its way through a dense fog as
it is arriving from Honolulu, and sinks within 20
minutesThe United Kingdom and Germany agree on the
boundary between their African colonies,
setting a line running between Lake Nyasa to
Lake TanganyikaU.S. Steel is incorporated in New Jersey by
industrialist J. P. Morgan, as the first billion-
dollar corporation, with total capital valued at
more than $1,400,000,000Chi-hsui and Hsu-cheng-yu, Boxer Rebellion
leaders, are publicly beheaded in Beijing in
front of a crowd of about 10,000The Sultan of the Ottoman Empire order 50,000
troops to the Bulgarian frontier because of
unrest in MacedoniaThe Platt Amendment, which provides seven
conditions for the withdrawal of American
troops from Cuba in return for a treaty that
will require American approval of most of that
new nation's foreign affairs, is signed into law
by President William McKinleyWilliam McKinley begins his second term as
President of the United States, and Theodore
Roosevelt is sworn into the then-unimportant
job of Vice President of the United StatesSixteen Irish members of the House of
Commons of the United Kingdom are ordered
to leave during a debate over matters affecting
Great Britain (which excludes Ireland even
though it is part of the United Kingdom), and all
refuseDuring a visit to Bremen, Kaiser Wilhelm of
Germany is struck in the face by a sharp iron
object thrown at him in an apparent
assassination attemptThe United Kingdom rejects the Hay–
Pauncefote Treaty, as amended by the United
States Senate, because the Senate has voted to
fortify any canal built across Central America
between the Atlantic and Pacific OceansAn earthquake occurs in the Black Sea region at
7:10 a.m. local time and registers at 7.2
magnitude, the most powerful ever recorded in
the regionThe Caste War of Yucatán, the decades-long
resistance of the Maya peoples against the
Mexican government, ends as General Ignacio
Bravo marches his troops into the Mayan
capital at Noh Cah Balam (now Chan Santa
Cruz) and sets up his new headquartersThe very first Parliament of Australia opens in
Melbourne, with the Duke of Cornwall and York
(the future King George V) formally declaring
the beginning of the sessionPrince Joseph of Austria marries Princess Maria
Josepha of Bavaria in ViennaOne week before his death, Mir Jafar, who had
been enthroned as the Nawab of Bengal and
ruler of the Bengali people with the support
and protection of the British East India
Company, abdicates in favor of his 18-year-old
son, Najmuddin Ali KhanFrederick the Great, the King of Prussia, issues
a decree abolishing the historic punishments
against unmarried women in Germany for "sex
crimes", particularly the Hurenstrafen (literally
"whore shaming") practices of public humiliationIsaac Barré, a member of the British House of
Commons for Wycombe and a veteran of the
French and Indian War in the British American
colonies, coins the term "Sons of Liberty" in a
rebuttal to Charles Townshend's derisive
description of the American colonists during
the introduction of the proposed Stamp ActSpain's five-member "special junta", appointed
by Prime Minister Jerónimo Grimaldi, delivers
its report regarding "ways to address the
backwardness of Spain's commerce with its
colonies and with foreign nations"After a public campaign by the writer Voltaire,
judges in Paris posthumously exonerate Jean
Calas of murdering his sonRoyal assent is given to the Duties in American
Colonies Act 1765, historically referred to as the
Stamp Act, imposing the first direct tax levied
from Great Britain on the thirteen American
colonies, effective November 1Great Britain passes the Quartering Act,
requiring private households in the thirteen
American colonies to house British soldiers if
necessaryAt Fort Tombecbe, near what is now the town
of Epes, Alabama, representatives of the British
Empire and of the Choctaw Indian tribe in
Mississippi sign a peace treaty in the wake of
French cession of claims to the BritishAfter completing the portion of the Mason–
Dixon line marking the semi-circular boundary
between Pennsylvania and Delaware, English
surveyors Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon
begin the two and a half year process of
plotting out the 230-mile boundary between
Pennsylvania and Maryland along the latitude
of 39°43′20″ NThree days after getting the news that the
Stamp Act has passed, American colonists
invade the British Army arsenal near the New
York City Hall and sabotage guns inside by
spiking themAt Saint Petersburg, German engineer Christian
Kratzenstein presents to the Russian Academy
of Sciences a perfected version of the
arithmetical machine originally invented by
Gottfried LeibnizNot long after British rule has started over the
formerly French colony of Quebec, an
accidental fire destroys one quarter of the town
of MontrealDuring a stroll in the park "on a fine Sabbath
afternoon" at Glasgow Green, Scottish engineer
James Watt receives the inspiration that
provides the breakthrough in his development
of the steam engineThe Isle of Man is brought under British control,
the Isle of Man Purchase Act (coming into force
10 May) confirming HM Treasury's purchase of
the feudal rights of the Dukes of Atholl, as Lord
of Mann over the island, and revesting them
into the British CrownKing George III dismisses George Grenville from
the office of Prime Minister of Great Britain,
and replaces him with another Whig Party
statesman, Charles Watson-Wentworth, Lord
RockinghamOn orders of Chief Pontiac, War Chief
Wahpesah of the Kickapoo people releases
British Indian Affairs negotiator George
Croghan from 35 days of detentionQianlong, the Emperor of China issues a decree
that copper engravings be made to depict all of
his victories in battleHaving eliminated all of his rivals for leadership
of Persia, Karim Khan Zand returns in triumph
to his home in Shiraz and makes it his capital
then begins construction of citadels, mosques,
schools and other buildingsHeaded by Odawa Chief Pontiac and George
Croghan, a party of Great Lakes tribesmen and
British soldiers travel along the Wabash River
and obtain the release of all white prisoners of
war remaining in the Miami people and Odawa
villages between Ouiatenon (near modern-day
Granville, Indiana) and DetroitAt Yale College, eight students attack the
residence of Yale's President Thomas Clap
because of his promotion of "New Light"
Calvinist doctrine; and "with Evil Intent" and
"with Strong hand burst and take off the gates
of the yard of the mansion house and Carry
away and with Screaming and Shouting... throw
into said House Numbers of large stones with
Cattles Horns into the windows of said House."Russian Empress Catherine II issues a decree
authorizing the new way to produce vodka (by
freezing)The Treaty of Allahabad is signedIn protest of the Stamp Act, Bostonians attack
the home of official Andrew OliverJoseph II becomes Holy Roman EmperorIn protest of the Stamp Act, Bostonians destroy
the home of lieutenant governor Thomas
HutchinsonJean-Jacques Rousseau's house in Switzerland is
stoned by a mobFrançois Antoine announces he has killed the
Beast of GévaudanThe Pennsylvania Gazette reports that a Mr.
McCullough, the Distributor of Stamps for the
Royal Colony of North Carolina, has resigned
his post in protest of the Stamp ActThe Stamp Act goes into effect in the thirteen
American coloniesThe Pennsylvania Gazette reports that Dr.
Huston, the recently instated Distributor of
Stamps for the Royal Colony of North Carolina,
has resigned his post in protest of the Stamp
ActCharles Edward Stuart ("Bonnie Prince Charlie")
becomes the new Stuart claimant to the throne
of Great Britain, as King Charles III, and
figurehead for JacobitismChristian VII becomes King of DenmarkOutside of the walls of the Thailand capital of
Ayutthaya, tens of thousands of invaders from
Burma (under the command of General Ne Myo
Thihapate and General Maha Nawatra) are
confronted by Thai defenders led by General
Phya TaksinAn observer in Wilmington, North Carolina
reports to the Edinburgh newspaper
Caledonian Mercury that three ships have been
seized by British men-of-war, on the charge of
carrying official documents without stampsJohn Mills is elected a Fellow of the Royal
Society, with Benjamin Franklin as one of his
sponsorsProtesting against the Stamp Act 1765,
members of the New York City Sons of Liberty
travel to Pennsylvania and set fire to a British
supply of tax stamps before the stamps can be
taken to distributors in the province of
MarylandCaptive Malagasy people seize a Dutch East
India Company slave ship in the Indian OceanThe Pennsylvania Gazette reports that a British
sloop off Wilmington, North Carolina, has
seized a sloop sailing from Philadelphia, and
another sailing from Saint Christopher, on the
charge of carrying official documents without
stampsLorraine and Bar become French again, on the
death of Stanisław Leszczyński, King of Poland
and last Duke of LorraineAntonio de Ulloa, the first Spanish governor of
Louisiana, arrives in New OrleansThe British Parliament repeals the Stamp Act,
which has been very unpopular in the British
colonies; the persuasion of Benjamin Franklin is
considered partly responsibleSeventeen days after the Stamp Act's repeal in
London, news reaches America of the decisionAfrican slaves are imported directly into the
American colony of Georgia for the first time, as
the sloop Mary Brow arrives in Savannah with
78 captives imported from Saint-Louis, SenegalAmerican botanist John Bartram completes his
first exploration and cataloging of North
American plants after more than nine monthsKing Carlos III of Spain issues a royal cédula
from Aranjuez to round up all ethnic Chinese in
the Philippines and to move them to ghettoes
in various provincesIn a paper read to the Royal Society, British
theoretical chemist Henry Cavendish first
describes his process of producing what he
refers to as "inflammable air" by dissolving
base metals such as iron, zinc and tin in a flask
of sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, drawing
the conclusion that the vapor that was released
is different from airThe Theatre Royal, Bristol, opens in EnglandOn the occasion of the 28th birthday of King
George III, members of the Sons of Liberty in
Manhattan erect a liberty pole as a protest for
the first timeFrançois-Jean de la Barre, a young French
nobleman, is tortured and beheaded, before
his body is burnt on a pyre, along with a copy of
Voltaire's Dictionnaire philosophique nailed to
his torso, for the crime of not saluting a Roman
Catholic religious procession in Abbeville, and
for other sacrileges, including desecrating a
crucifixDuring the occupation of New York, members
of the 28th Foot Regiment of the British Army
chop down the liberty pole that was erected by
the Sons of Liberty on June 4A hurricane sweeps across the French island
colony of Martinique, killing more than 400
people and destroying the plantation owned by
Joseph-Gaspard de La Pagerie, the father of the
future French Empress JoséphineThe revolt in Quito (at this time part of Spain's
Viceroyalty of Nueva Granada; the modern-day
capital of Ecuador) is ended peacefully as royal
forces enter the city under the command of
Guayaquil Governor Pedro ZelayaThe position of Patriarch of the Serbs,
established on April 9, 1346 as the authority
over the Serbian Orthodox Church, is abolished
by order of Sultan Mustafa III of the Ottoman
EmpireJohn Penn, the Colonial Governor of
Pennsylvania and one of the four Penn family
owners of the Pennsylvania land grant, issues a
proclamation forbidding British American
colonist residents from building settlements on
lands in the west "not yet purchased of the
Nations" of the Iroquois IndiansCrown Prince Gustav of Sweden weds Princess
Sophia Magdalena of DenmarkThe palace of the Ottoman Grand Vizier is
destroyed by a fire in ConstantinopleJames Cook departs from Plymouth aboard
HMS Endeavour on his first voyage of discoveryAlmost all merchants and traders in the British
colony of New York sign a pact not to import
British manufactured goods as long as the
Townshend Acts are in effect, nor to do
business with nonassociators to the pactA fire burns much of the Library of the VaticanLouis XV of France appoints René de Maupeou
as Chancellor (an office he will hold until 1790),
and orders him to crush the judicial oppositionThe British Army's 29th Infantry Regiment of
foot soldiers, which will carry out the Boston
Massacre on March 5, 1770, arrives in Boston
Harbor along with three other regiments.The Sultan Mustafa III of the Ottoman Empire
begins the Russo-Turkish War after the
Russians refuse to withdraw troops from
PolandWilliam Pitt resigns from his position as Prime
Minister of Great BritainA powerful hurricane sweeps across Cuba
during the Festival of Santa Teresa, killing
hundreds of peopleRepresentatives of the Cherokee nation sign
the Treaty of Hard Labour with British
representative John Stuart and relinquish all
claims to the land between the Ohio River and
the Allegheny Mountains, now the United
States state of West VirginiaFrench colonists in Louisiana refuse to accept
the colony's acquisition by Spain and begin an
uprising that forces Spanish Governor Antonio
de Ulloa to fleeThe Treaty of Fort Stanwix is signed between
the five nations of the Iroquois Confederacy
(the Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga, and
Seneca) relinquishing their claims to territory
south of the Ohio River to the BritishThe slave ship Fredensborg sinks off Tromøya,
NorwayThe Royal Academy is founded in London, with
Joshua Reynolds as its first PresidentThe first of the weekly numbers of the
Encyclopædia Britannica, edited by William
Smellie, are published in Edinburgh; one
hundred are plannedThe king's refusal to sign state documents
results in the December Crisis (1768) in SwedenKing Prithvi Narayan Shah unifies several small
kingdoms to establish modern-day Nepal; this
kingdom will collapse in 2008Pope Clement XIII dies, the night before
preparing an order to dissolve the JesuitsThe British House of Commons votes to not
allow MP John Wilkes to take his seat after he
wins a by-electionMozart departs Italy, after the last of his three
tours thereLouis Antoine de Bougainville returns to Saint-
Malo, following a three-year circumnavigation
of the world with the ships La Boudeuse and
Étoile, with the loss of only seven out of 330
men; among the members of the expedition is
Jeanne Baré, the first woman known to have
circumnavigated the globeJames Cook arrives in Tahiti, on the ship HM
Bark Endeavour, preparing for the 1769 Transit
of Venus observed from Tahiti on June 3Scottish inventor James Watt is granted a
British patent for "A method of lessening the
consumption of steam in steam engines" – the
separate condenser, a key improvement (first
devised by Watt in 1765) and the basis for the
Watt steam engine which stimulates the
Industrial RevolutionFrance conquers CorsicaCharles III of Spain sends Spanish missionaries,
who found California missions in San Diego,
Santa Barbara, San Francisco and Monterey,
and begin the settlement of CaliforniaCardinal Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli
is elected as the 249th pope, succeeding the
late Clement XIII and choosing to take the
regnal name of Pope Clement XIVA transit of Venus is followed five hours later by
a total solar eclipse, the shortest such interval
in historical timesFrontiersman Daniel Boone first begins to
explore modern-day KentuckyRichard Arkwright patents a spinning frame in
England, able to weave fabric mechanicallyFather Junípero Serra founds Mission San Diego
de Alcalá, the first of the 21 California missionsRecently appointed as the Governor of Spanish
Louisiana, Irish-born soldier of fortune
Alejandro O'Reilly sails into the French fort of La
Balize with 21 Spanish ships, along with 2,056
soldiers, cannons and ammunition, and
informs French Louisiana Governor Charles
Philippe Aubry of his royal commission to take
Louisiana on behalf of the King of SpainThe party of Gaspar de Portolà becomes the
first white group to set foot in the area now
known as Santa Monica, CaliforniaPope Clement XIV issues the papal bull
Dominus ac Redemptor, ordering the
dissolution of the JesuitsThe city of Brescia, Italy is devastated when the
Church of San Nazaro is struck by lightningRussian forces take the Ottoman fortress of
Chocim in BukovinaJames Cook names White Island, off the coast
of New ZealandJames Cook lands in New Zealand, at Poverty
BayIn the first encounter between the Māori
people and Europeans (at the future site of
Gisborne, New Zealand), one Maori is shot and
killed after he steals a sword from one of the
officers of the Cook expeditionNicolas-Joseph Cugnot demonstrates a steam-
powered artillery tractor in FranceA party of the expedition of Spanish explorer
Gaspar de Portola becomes the first Europeans
to reach San Francisco BayThe Gorkhali Army conquer the last standing
Malla Kingdom of Bhaktapur marking the end
of The Malla dynasty in NepalIreland's House of Commons rejects a spending
bill passed by Great Britain's parliament, by a
94-71 marginDartmouth College is established in Hanover,
New Hampshire, as John Wentworth, the Royal
Governor, conveys a charter from King George
III of Great BritainThe Sino-Burmese War (1765–69) is ended by a
truceThe foundation of Fort George, Bombay is laid
by Colonel Keating, principal engineer, on the
site of the former Dongri FortThomas Jefferson's home at Shadwell, Virginia
is destroyed by fire, along with most of his
booksScottish explorer James Bruce arrives at
Gondar, capital of Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) and
is received by the Emperor Tekle Haymanot II
and Ras Mikael SehulChristopher Seider, an 11-year-old boy in
Boston in the British Province of Massachusetts
Bay, is shot and killed by a colonial official,
Ebenezer RichardsonEleven American men are shot (five fatally) by
British troops, in an event that helps start the
American Revolutionary War five years laterKing Prithvi Narayan Shah shifts to the newly
constructed Basantapur Palace in the capital
Kathmandu as the first King of Unified Kingdom
of NepalEnglish explorer Captain James Cook and his
crew aboard HMS Endeavour complete the
circumnavigation of New ZealandThe Townshend Acts are repealed by Britain's
Parliament by the efforts of Prime Minister
Frederick North, with the exception of the
increased duties on imported teaEnglish explorer Captain James Cook and his
crew become the first recorded Europeans to
encounter the eastern coastline of the
Australian continentGeorgian king Erekle II defeats the Ottoman
forces, despite being abandoned by an ally,
Russian General Totleben, at the Battle of
AspindzaCaptain Cook drops anchor on HMS Endeavour
in a wide bay, about 16 km (10 mi) south of the
present city of Sydney, AustraliaFourteen-year-old Marie Antoinette arrives at
the French courtMarie Antoinette marries Louis-Auguste (who
later becomes King Louis XVI of France)A stampede, at a celebration of the newly
wedded Marie Antoinette and Louis-Auguste in
Paris, kills more than a hundred peopleGaspar de Portolà and Father Junípero Serra
establish Monterey, the presidio of Alta
California territory for Spain from 1777–1822,
United Mexican States 1824–1846, until the
California RepublicThe 7.5 Mw Port-au-Prince earthquake affects
the French colony of Saint-Domingue with a
maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme),
killing 250 or moreSome 1,600 Spanish marines, sent by the
Spanish governor of Buenos Aires in five
frigates, seize Port Egmont in the Falkland
IslandsHMS Endeavour grounds on the Great Barrier
ReefLexell's Comet (D/1770 L1) passes the Earth at a
distance of 2,184,129 kilometres (1,357,155 mi),
the closest approach by a comet in recorded
historyThe Russian Empire defeats the Ottoman
Empire in both the Battle of Chesma and the
Battle of LargaRussian commander Pyotr Rumyantsev routs
150,000 Turks in the Battle of KagulCaptain Cook determines that New Holland
(Australia) is not contiguous with New Guinea,
and claims the whole of its eastern coast for
Great Britain, later naming it all New South
WalesIn Hillsborough, North Carolina, the Regulator
Movement riots against local authoritiesPhillis Wheatley becomes the first African
American woman to have her work published,
after having written a poetic elegy to the late
Reverend George WhitefieldJames Bruce discovers what he believes to be
the source of the NileKing Louis XV of France issues the "Edict of
December", dismissing the rebellious
magistrates of the Parlements of Paris and the
other 13 provincesFrance's Secretary of the Navy, César Gabriel de
Choiseul, is fired from his position by the kingThe Great Kalmyk (Torghut) Migration is led by
Ubashi Khan, from the east bank of the Lower
Volga River back to the homeland of Dzungaria,
at this time under Qing Dynasty ruleEmperor Go-Momozono accedes to the throne
of Japan, following his aunt's abdicationUpon the death of Adolf Frederick, he is
succeeded as King of Sweden by his son Gustav
IIIThe North Carolina General Assembly
establishes Wake County (named for Margaret
Wake, the wife of North Carolina Royal
Governor William Tryon) from portions of
Cumberland, Johnston and Orange countiesThe Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers first
meets in London, the world's oldest
engineering societyThe first quarantines are started in Moscow
and Saint Petersburg to fight the bubonic
plagueNorth Carolina Governor William Tryon
marches his military out of Hillsborough, to
come to the aid of General Hugh Waddell's
beleaguered forcesRegulators reject an appeal by Governor Tryon
to peacefully disperseA force of 4,000 Russians under Alexander
Suvorov defeat a Polish formation of 1,300 men
at the Battle of LanckoronaThe Society of Gentlemen Supporters of the Bill
of Rights meets in the London Tavern and
changes its platform from to a comprehensive
program for British parliamentary reform in
advance of the next electionThe first voyage of James Cook around the
world ends as HMS Endeavour returns to
England after almost three yearsRussian forces occupy the Crimea, under Prince
Vasily DolgorukovChipewyan chief Matonabbee, traveling as the
guide to Samuel Hearne on his Arctic overland
journey, massacres a group of unsuspecting
InuitThe first recorded town cricket match is played,
at Horsham, EnglandIn California, Fathers Pedro Cambon and Angel
Somera found Mission Vieja, later called,
Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, in what is now
San Gabriel, CaliforniaThe Dutch merchant ship Vrouw Maria sinks off
the coast of Finland; Captain Raymund Lourens
and his crew escape unharmedThe opera Ascanio in Alba by Wolfgang Mozart,
age 15, premieres in MilanDuring the night the River Tyne, England,
floods, destroying many bridges and killing
several people; the replacement main bridge at
Newcastle upon Tyne will not be completed
until 1781The cause of action in Sommersett's Case,
which eventually leads to the end of slavery in
Great Britain, begins when escaped slave James
Sommersett is found imprisoned on the ship
Ann and MaryMen, women and children of the Choctaw and
Chickasaw tribes begin a 23-day encampment
at Mobile, part of the British colony of West
Florida, at the invitation of British Southern
Indian superintendent John Stuart, as their
leaders negotiate a treatyLouis Antoine de Bougainville, on his
circumnavigation westbound, begins his three-
day sail through the Bougainville Strait and
along the north shore of Bougainville Island in
the SolomonsThe massacre of Polish people (most likely by
the Russians) at the village of Balta, now a part
of Ukraine but at the time an Ottoman Empire
town on the frontier with Poland, leads to the
Russo-Turkish War"The Liberty Song", the first American patriotic
song, is published in the Boston Gazette and
includes the refrain "In freedom we're born"The Imperial Court of China's Emperor
Qianlong and his three senior grand councilors,
Fuheng, Yenjisan and Liu T'ung-hsun, issues a
directive to officials in the Zhejiang, Jiangsu and
Shandong provinces warning them about the
need to respond to rumors of sorceryThe 1,800 feet (550 m) long Hudson River
Chain, designed to prevent British ships from
moving up the river toward West Point, New
York is stretched across the river and anchored
by an engineering team under the direction of
Captain Thomas MachinHeinrich XI, Prince Reuss of Greiz is elevated to
Prince of the Principality of Reuss-Greiz by
Joseph II, Holy Roman EmperorBenedict Arnold signs the U.S. Oath of
Allegiance at Valley ForgeA total solar eclipse takes place across parts of
North America, from Texas to VirginiaGeorge Washington's Continental Army battles
British general Sir Henry Clinton's army to a
draw, near Monmouth County, New JerseyShah Alam II, the Mughal Emperor of India,
makes a triumphant return to Delhi 15 years
after having been forced to fleeJohann Friedrich Struensee and Queen Caroline
Matilda are arrested, leading to his execution
and her banishment from DenmarkBreton-French explorer Yves-Joseph de
Kerguelen-Trémarec discovers the uninhabited
Kerguelen Islands in the Southern Indian OceanThe Virginia Assembly amends an act to
describe the punishments for the practice of
gougingThe First Partition of Poland is agreed to by
Russia and Prussia, later including Austria.The First Saudi State is founded in the Diriyah
Emirate by Muhammad bin Saud Al MuqrinBiela's Comet is first discovered by French
astronomer Jacques Leibax Montaigne, but not
proven to be a periodic comet until 1826, when
Wilhelm von Biela correctly identifies its returnPedro Fages, the Spanish Governor of Alta
California, and Father Juan Crespí set off from
the capital at Monterey with a party of 12
soldiers, and begin the first European
exploration of the lands around San Francisco
BayMassachusetts legislator Samuel Adams
persuades his colleagues to approve his plan
for creating a Committee of Correspondence to
begin a dialogue with the other American
colonies concerning mutual problems with
EnglandWarren Hastings begins his service for the
British East India Company as Governor of
Bengal, arriving at the company's headquarters
at Fort William, outside of Calcutta, and
including what are now parts of northeast India
and BangladeshThe Watauga Association Compact is signed in
what is now East Tennessee by a group of white
settlers led by William Bean, creating the first
non-colonial government body in British North
AmericaIn an act of defiance against the British
Navigation Acts, American patriots, led by
Abraham Whipple, attack and burn the British
customs schooner HMS Gaspee off of Rhode
IslandThe crisis of 1772 is triggered when, following
the flight of their partner Alexander Fordyce to
France, the London banking house of Neal,
James, Fordyce and Down (which has been
speculating in East India Company stock)
suspends paymentLord Mansfield, the Lord Chief Justice of
England and Wales, delivers the decision that
leads to the end of slavery in EnglandThe second voyage of James Cook departs from
Plymouth on Captain Cook's new ship, HMS
Resolution and the companion ship HMS
Adventure in an attempt to prove the existence
of an uncharted continent even further south
than New ZealandThe first Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian
Commonwealth beginsThe volcano Mount Papandayan in West Java
erupts and partially collapses, the debris
avalanche killing several thousandA coup d'état by King Gustav III is completed by
adopting a new Constitution, ending half a
century of parliamentary rule in Sweden, and
making him an enlightened despotMission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa is founded
in San Luis Obispo, CaliforniaBasque-Spanish explorer Domingo de
Bonechea, in the Aguila, sights Tauere atoll,
which he names San Simon y JudasSamuel Adams and Joseph Warren form the
first Committee of CorrespondenceRussian government offices reopen at Moscow
and Saint Petersburg after being closed for 15
months because of an epidemic of bubonic
plagueThe crew of HMS Resolution finds that the ice
floes encountered on their journey south are a
source of fresh water, a "discovery... of utmost
importance to the success of the voyage"The hymn that becomes known as Amazing
Grace, at this time titled "1 Chronicles 17:16–
17", is first used to accompany a sermon led by
curate John Newton in the town of Olney,
Buckinghamshire, EnglandThe first museum in the American colonies is
established in Charleston, South Carolina; in
1915, it is formally incorporated as the
Charleston MuseumCaptain Cook in HMS Resolution (1771)
becomes the first European explorer to cross
the Antarctic CircleThe first opera performance in the Swedish
language, Thetis and Phelée, performed by Carl
Stenborg and Elisabeth Olin in Bollhuset in
Stockholm, Sweden, marks the establishment
of the Royal Swedish OperaThe Grand Council of Poland meets in Warsaw,
summoned by a circular letter from King
Stanisław August Poniatowski to respond to the
Kingdom's threatened partition between three
foreign powersThe construction of Christ Church (Alexandria,
Virginia), known for being the house of worship
for George Washington and the visiting site for
subsequent U.S. presidents, is completedThe popular (and enduring) comedy She Stoops
to Conquer, by Irish playwright Oliver
Goldsmith, is performed for the first time,
premiering at London's Covent Garden TheatreThe Parliament of Great Britain passes the Tea
Act (coming into force on May 10), designed to
save the British East India Company by granting
it a monopoly on the North American tea tradeIn Egypt, Ottoman rebels revolt, killing Ali Bey,
Mamluk Sultan of Egypt1773 Phipps expedition towards the North Pole
sets out from BritainThe Regulating Act is given royal assent by King
George III, creating the office of Governor
General, with an advising council, to exercise
political authority over the territory under
British East India Company rule in IndiaThe first annual conference of American
Methodists is convened at Philadelphia in St.
George's ChurchUnder pressure from the Bourbon courts, Pope
Clement XIV suppresses the Society of Jesus
(brief Dominus ac Redemptor)The Santa Marta earthquake hits, with an
estimated epicentral magnitude of 7.5 Mi,[7]
striking Guatemala; numerous aftershocks last
until DecemberCaptain Cook discovers Tekokota, which he
names Doubtful IslandCaptain Cook discovers Marutea Nord, which
he names Furneaux IslandThe Public Advertiser publishes a satirical essay
titled Rules By Which A Great Empire May Be
Reduced To A Small One, written by Benjamin
FranklinDaniel Boone leads the first attempt by British
colonists to establish a settlement in Kentucky,
but is turned back in an attack by Native
Americans, in which his son is killedSecond of the Russian occupations of Beirut
begins, following a naval bombardment which
began on August 2Paul Revere marries Rachel Walker, his second
wifeAmerica's first insane asylum opens for Persons
of Insane and Disordered Minds in
Williamsburg, VirginiaFrench astronomer Charles Messier discovers
the Whirlpool Galaxy, an interacting, grand
design spiral galaxy located at a distance of
approximately 31 million light-years, in the
constellation Canes VenaticiThe "Commission for the Education of the
People", formed in the Polish–Lithuanian
Commonwealth, is considered to be the world's
first ministry of educationFour ships – the Dartmouth, the Eleanor, the
Beaver and the William – depart Britain for
America, carrying the first Indian tea to be
subject to the newly enacted taxesA group of American colonists, dressed as
Mohawk Indians, steal aboard ships of the East
India Company and dump their cargo of tea
into Boston Harbor, in protest against British
tax policiesMustafa III, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, dies
and is succeeded by his brother Abdul Hamid IAn angry crowd in Boston, Massachusetts
seizes, tars, and feathers British customs
collector and Loyalist John Malcolm, for striking
a boy and a shoemaker, George Hewes, with
his caneBritish industrialist John Wilkinson patents a
method for boring cannon from the solid,
subsequently utilised for accurate boring of
steam engine cylindersThe Privy Council of Great Britain, as advisors to
King George III, votes for the King's abolition of
free land grants of North American landsThe Parliament of Paris votes a sentence of civil
degradation, depriving Pierre Beaumarchais of
all rights and duties of citizenshipThe volunteer fire company of Trenton, New
Jersey, predecessor to the paid Trenton Fire
Department created in 1892, is foundedThe Province of Massachusetts Bay House of
Representatives votes, 92 to 8, to impeach
Superior Court Chief Justice Peter Oliver, but
Provincial Governor Thomas Hutchinson
refuses to allow the trial to proceedThe Boston Journal makes the first reference to
the "Stars and Stripes" flag to symbolize the
American colonies, reporting that "The
American ensign now sparkles a door which
shall shortly flame from the skies"The British Parliament passes the Boston Port
Act, closing the port of Boston, Massachusetts,
as punishment for the Boston Tea PartyThe first avowedly Unitarian congregation,
Essex Street Chapel, is founded in London by
Theophilus LindseyThe premiere of Iphigénie en Aulide by
Christoph Willibald Gluck sparks a huge
controversy, almost a war, such as has not
been seen in Paris since the Querelle des
BouffonsLouis XVI becomes King of France, following the
death of his grandfather, Louis XVThe colony of Rhode Island and Providence
Plantations issues the first call for an
"Intercolonial Congress" that eventually is set
up as the Continental CongressShakers Ann Lee and eight followers sail from
Liverpool, England for colonial AmericaA new Quartering Act, requiring American
colonists to provide better housing for British
soldiers upon demand, is passedThe Imperial Russian Army, led by Alexander
Suvorov, routs numerically superior Ottoman
Empire forces at the Battle of KozludzhaRussia and the Ottoman Empire sign the Treaty
of Küçük Kaynarca with Russian victory, ending
six years of warThe Parliament of Great Britain passes the
Quebec Act, setting out rules of governance for
the colony of Quebec in British North America,
enlarging its territory as far south as Ohio and
granting freedom of religion for Roman
CatholicsThe element oxygen is discovered for the third
(and last, so far) time – the second
quantitatively, following the somewhat earlier
work of Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1771–1772) by
Joseph Priestley, who publishes the fact in
1775, and so names the element (and usually
gets all the credit, because his work was
published first)Ann Lee and the Shakers arrive in America and
settle in New YorkThomas Gage, royal governor of the Province of
Massachusetts Bay, orders British soldiers to
remove gunpowder from a magazine, causing
Patriots to prepare for warEnglish explorer James Cook becomes the first
European to sight (and name) the island of New
Caledonia in MelanesiaThe First Continental Congress assembles in
PhiladelphiaYemelyan Pugachev, leader of Pugachev's
Rebellion against Russia by the Yaik Cossacks, is
betrayed by his own men after returning to
Yaitsk (now Oral, Kazakhstan)George Mason and George Washington found
the Fairfax County Militia Association, a military
unit independent of British controlJohann Wolfgang von Goethe's semi-
autobiographical epistolary novel "The Sorrows
of Young Werther" (written January–March) is
published anonymously in Leipzig, Germany; it
is influential in the Sturm und Drang movement
and RomanticismAfter the Battle of Point Pleasant, Cornstalk is
forced to make peace with Dunmore at the
Treaty of Camp Charlotte, ceding Shawnee land
claims south of the Ohio (modern Kentucky) to
VirginiaEnglish explorer James Cook becomes the first
European to sight (and name) Norfolk Island in
the Pacific Ocean, uninhabited at this dateThe Continental Congress in America adopts
the Declaration of Rights and Resolves, with 10
principlesThe First Continental Congress passes the
Continental Association, a colony-wide
boycotting of British goodsThe word Liberty is first displayed on a flag
raised by colonists in Taunton, Massachusetts,
in defiance of British rule in Colonial AmericaThe Edenton Tea Party takes place in North
Carolina, marking the first major gathering of
women in support of the American causeThe first Continental Congress adjourns in
PhiladelphiaThe Maryland Jockey Club follows a
recommendation of the Continental Congress
and cancels its race scheduleVoting for the House of Commons concludes in
Great Britain, and Lord North retains the office
of Prime Minister as his Tory coalition wins 343
of the 558 seatsThe government of the Republic of Venice
allows adventurer and ladies' man Giacomo
Casanova to return home after a 17-year
absenceDaniel Boone retires from the Virginia colonial
militia in order to devote his full time to
establishing a settlement in KentuckySalawat Yulayev, the leader of the Bashkirs
rebellion against the Russian government, is
captured, bringing an end to the insurrectionEnglish chemist Joseph Priestley becomes the
first person to discover and identify sulfur
dioxideSpanish Navy Captain Domingo de Bonechea
arrives at Tahiti in the ship Aguila and tries
unsuccessfully to claim it for Spain and to
convert the Tahitians to the Roman Catholic
faithParliament adjourns in Great Britain, but
declines to authorise any action against the
rebellious American colonies, despite an
address the day before by King George III and
Prime Minister NorthThomas Paine, a native of England, arrives in
America at the age 37 and soon becomes an
influential advocate for the colonies'
independenceA boycott called by the Continental Congress
goes into effect, as participating merchants and
supporters cease the importation or
consumption of products from Great Britain,
Ireland or the British West IndiesArchduchess Maria Theresa, the ruler of
Austria, Hungary and Croatia, signs the General
School Ordinance providing for education for
both males and females and setting
compulsory education for children aged six
through 12The two month long Siege of Melilla begins as
armies led by the Sultan of Morocco,
Mohammed ben Abdallah, attack the North
African Spanish colony of Melilla (which
remains a part of Spain into the 21st century)King Louis XVI of France issues a declaration
that, for the first time, protects "the free
commerce of meat during Lent" to support the
needs of "the poor whose infirmity requires
them to eat meat"Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart finishes a Sonata
for Keyboard in CCaptain James Cook takes possession of South
Georgia for the Kingdom of Great BritainThe Parliament of Great Britain declares the
Province of Massachusetts Bay to be in
rebellionPope Pius VI succeeds Pope Clement XIV as the
250th popeThe British East India Company factory on
Balambangan Island is destroyed by Moro
piratesRaghunathrao, Peshwa of the Maratha Empire
in India, signs the Treaty of Surat with the
British Governor-General Warren Hastings in
Bombay ceding the territories of Salsette and
Bassein to the British East India Company along
with part of the revenues from Surat and
Bharuch districts in return for military
assistanceCatherine the Great of Russia issues a
manifesto prohibiting freed serfs from being
returned to serfdomPatrick Henry, a delegate to the Second Virginia
Convention after the Virginia House of
Burgesses was disbanded by the Royal
Governor, delivers his "Give me Liberty, or give
me Death!" speech at St. John's Church in
Richmond, VirginiaPaul Revere and William Dawes, instructed by
Dr. Joseph Warren, ride from Boston to
Lexington to warn John Hancock and Sam
Adams that British forces are coming to take
them prisoner and to seize colonial weapons
and ammunition in ConcordHostility between Britain and its American
colonies explodes into bloodshed at the Battles
of Lexington and Concord, igniting the
American Revolutionary WarThe Second Continental Congress meets, elects
John Hancock president, raises the Continental
Army under George Washington as commander
and authorizes the colonies to adopt their own
constitutionsEthan Allen and Benedict Arnold, leading the
Green Mountain Boys of Vermont, capture Fort
TiconderogaThe Continental Congress bans trade with
CanadaIn the first naval engagement of the American
Revolution (the Battle of Machias), Patriot
forces capture the schooner HMS MargarettaThe British forces offer a pardon to all colonists
who lay down their armsAction by citizens of Machias, Maine, in
capturing British ships recognises the existence
of a United States Merchant MarineThe Continental Congress names George
Washington as commander of the Continental
ArmyThe post of Chief Engineer of the Continental
Army is createdTwo months into the colonial siege of Boston,
British open fire on Breed's Hill on Charles
Town PeninsulaThe post of Commanding General is created by
the Continental CongressGeorge Washington takes command of the
17,000-man Continental Army at CambridgeThe Continental Congress sends the Olive
Branch Petition, hoping for a reconciliationThe Continental Congress issues Declaration of
the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms,
which contains the words: "Our cause is just.
Our union is perfect... being with one mind
resolved to die freemen rather than to live
slaves..."The Second Continental Congress appoints
Benjamin Franklin to be the first Postmaster
General of what later becomes the United
States Post Office DepartmentHMS Resolution (1771) anchors off the south
coast of England, Captain Cook having
completed the first eastbound global
circumnavigationTucson is foundedAmerican rebels launch an invasion of Canada
with the Siege of Fort St. JeanRefusing to even look at the Olive Branch
Petition, King George issues a Proclamation of
Rebellion against the American coloniesThirteen Colonies revolutionary forces under
Maj. Ethan Allen attack Montreal in Quebec,
commanded by British General Guy CarletonThe Continental Congress orders the
establishment of the Continental Navy (later
the United States Navy)George III announces to Parliament that the
American colonies are in an uprising and must
be dealt with accordinglyJohn Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore, British royal
governor of the Colony of Virginia, signs
Dunmore's Proclamation, declaring martial law
and offering freedom to slaves of Patriots who
run away from their owners and join the
Loyalist forces (formal proclamation November
15) thus losing the support of planters who see
slaves as their vital livelihoodThe Continental Congress passes a resolution
creating the Continental Marines to serve as
landing troops for the recently created
Continental Navy (the Marines are disbanded at
end of the war in April 1783 but reformed on
July 11, 1798 as the United States Marine Corps)American forces under Brigadier General
Richard Montgomery capture MontrealThe city of Kuopio, Finland (belonging to
Sweden at this time) is founded by King Gustav
III of SwedenHenry Knox begins his journey to Cambridge,
Massachusetts with the artillery that has been
captured from Fort TiconderogaBritish forces repulse an attack by Continental
Army generals Richard Montgomery and
Benedict Arnold at Quebec; Montgomery is
killedThe town of Norfolk, Virginia is destroyed by
the combined actions of the British Royal Navy
and occupying Patriot forcesThomas Paine publishes his pamphlet Common
Sense, arguing for independence from British
rule in the Thirteen ColoniesSouth Carolina Loyalists led by Robert
Cunningham sign a petition from prison,
agreeing to all demands for peace by the
formed state government of South CarolinaHenry Knox arrives at Cambridge,
Massachusetts, with the artillery that he has
transported from Fort TiconderogaEdward Gibbon publishes the first volume of
The History of the Decline and Fall of the
Roman EmpireScottish North Carolina Loyalists charge across
Moore's Creek Bridge near Wilmington, to
attack what they mistakenly believe to be a
small force of rebelsAmerican Patriots capture Dorchester Heights,
dominating the port of BostonScottish economist Adam Smith publishes The
Wealth of Nations in LondonThreatened by Patriot cannons on Dorchester
Heights, the British evacuate Boston, ending
the 11‑month Siege of BostonJuan Bautista de Anza finds the site for the
Presidio of San FranciscoThe Bolshoi Ballet, a worldwide known ballet
group, is founded in Moscow, RussiaThe Royal Colony of North Carolina produces
the Halifax Resolves, making it the first British
colony to officially authorise its Continental
Congress delegates, to vote for independence
from the Kingdom of Great BritainJeongjo becomes the King of Joseon following
the death of his grandfather YeongjoAdam Weishaupt founds the Illuminati in
Ingolstadt, BavariaRhode Island becomes the first American
colony to renounce allegiance to King George III
of Great BritainA fire destroys major parts of the town of
Askersund, SwedenRichard Henry Lee of Virginia proposes to the
Second Continental Congress (meeting in
Philadelphia) that "these united colonies are,
and of right ought to be, free and independent
states"The invading American Continental Army is
driven back at Trois-Rivières, QuebecThe Continental Congress appoints a
Committee of Five to draft a Declaration of
IndependenceThe Virginia Declaration of Rights (by George
Mason) is adopted by the Virginia Convention
of DelegatesThe Delaware General Assembly votes to
suspend government under the British CrownLt. José Joaquín Moraga leads a band of
colonists from Monterey Presidio, landing on
June 29 and, with Father Francisco Palóu,
constructing the Mission San Francisco de Asís
("Mission Dolores") of the new Presidio of San
Francisco, the oldest surviving building in the
modern-day citySouth Carolina militia repel a British attack on
Charleston at the Battle of Sullivan's IslandThe American Continental Navy successfully
challenges the British Royal Navy blockade off
New Jersey at the Battle of Turtle Gut InletThe final U.S. Declaration of Independence
(with minor revisions) is writtenThe Continental Congress ratifies the
declaration by the United States of its
independence from the Kingdom of Great
BritainThe Liberty Bell rings in Philadelphia, for the
first public reading of the Declaration of
IndependenceAn angry mob in New York City topples the
equestrian statue of George III of Great Britain
in Bowling GreenCaptain James Cook sets off from Plymouth,
England, in HMS Resolution on his third voyage,
to the Pacific Ocean and Arctic, which will be
fatalMozart's Serenade No. 7 (the "Haffner") is first
performed in Salzburg, AustriaFrancisco Silvestre Vélez de Escalante, Francisco
Atanasio Domínguez, and eight other Spaniards
set out from Santa Fe, on an eighteen-hundred
mile trek through the American SouthwestThe Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata is
established in southern South AmericaMost of the American colonies ratify the
Declaration of IndependenceThe first Hessian troops land on Staten Island,
to join British forcesWashington's troops are defeated in Brooklyn
by the British, under William Howe, at the
Battle of Long IslandThe invasion of the Cherokee Nation by 6,000
patriot troops from Virginia, North Carolina,
and South Carolina beginsA hurricane hits Guadeloupe, killing more than
6,000 peopleThe American submersible craft Turtle attempts
to attach a time bomb to the hull of British
Admiral Richard Howe's flagship HMS Eagle, in
New York Harbor, in what is the world's first
submarine attackThe Continental Congress officially names its
union of states the United StatesAn abortive peace conference takes place
between the British and Americans, on Staten
IslandBritish troops land on Manhattan at Kips BayThe Continental Army under Washington is
victorious against the British on Manhattan at
the Battle of Harlem HeightsThe Presidio of San Francisco is founded in New
SpainNathan Hale is executed by the British in New
York City, for espionageThe first running of the St Leger Stakes horse
race (not yet named) in England, first of the
British Classic Races, devised by Anthony St
Leger (British Army officer), takes place on
Cantley Common at DoncasterThe Bolshoi Theatre company hosts its first
annual opera season, with the opening of the
Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre in Saint Petersburg,
RussiaCrown Prince Paul of Russia marries Sophie
Dorothea of WürttembergFather Francisco Palóu founds the Mission San
Francisco de Asís, in what is now San FranciscoOn Lake Champlain near Valcour Island, a
British fleet led by Sir Guy Carleton defeats 15
American gunboats, commanded by Brigadier
General Benedict ArnoldTroops of the American Continental Army resist
a British and Hessian force in The Bronx at the
Battle of Pell's PointBritish forces arrive at White Plains, attack and
capture Chatterton Hill from the AmericansIn his first speech before British Parliament
since the Declaration of Independence that
summer, King George III acknowledges that all
is not going well for Britain, in the war with the
United StatesHessian forces under Lieutenant General
Wilhelm von Knyphausen capture Fort
Washington (Manhattan) from the American
Continental ArmyThe invasion of New Jersey, by British and
Hessian forces, leads to the subsequent
general retreat of the American Continental
Army at the Battle of Fort LeeThe Phi Beta Kappa Society is founded at the
College of William & Mary in VirginiaThe General Assembly of Virginia votes to
create Kentucky County as the portion of the
colony's Fincastle County that is located west of
the Cumberland MountainsThe Marquis de Lafayette attempts to enter the
American military as a major generalThe second Continental Congress ends after a
session that began on May 10, 1775, and
continued for 582 daysThomas Paine, living with Washington's troops,
publishes the first in the series of pamphlets on
The American Crisis in The Pennsylvania
Journal, opening with the stirring phrase,
"These are the times that try men's souls"The Royal Colony of North Carolina reorganises
into the State of North Carolina after adopting
its own constitutionAt 6 p.m. Gen. George Washington and his
troops, numbering 2,400, march to McConkey's
Ferry, cross the Delaware River, and land on the
New Jersey bank by 3 a.m. the following
morningWashington's troops surprise the 1,500 Hessian
troops under the command of Col. Johann Rall
at 8 a.m. outside Trenton and score a victory,
taking 948 prisoners while suffering only five
woundedAmerican general George Washington's army
repulses a British attack by Lieutenant General
Charles Cornwallis, in a second battle at
Trenton, New JerseyAmerican general George Washington's army
defeats British troops at the Battle of PrincetonMission Santa Clara de Asís is founded in what
becomes Santa Clara, CaliforniaVermont declares its independence from New
York, becoming the Vermont Republic, an
independent country, a status it retains until it
joins the United States as the 14th state in 1791The Continental Congress approves a
resolution that an unauthentic copy, with
names of the signers of the Declaration of
independence, be sent to each of the United
StatesUnder the 1st Constitution of Georgia, 8
counties are chartered: Burke, Camden,
Chatham, Effingham, Glynn, Liberty, Richmond,
and WilkesKing Joseph I of Portugal dies, and is succeeded
by his daughter Maria I of Portugal, and his
brother and son-in-law Peter III of PortugalThe Fourth Continental Congress, with John
Hancock as president, begins a 199 day session
in Philadelphia, lasting until September 18Friedrich Maximilian Klinger's play Sturm und
Drang is premiered by the Seyler Theatre
Company in Leipzig, giving its name to the
whole Sturm und Drang movement in German
literatureA British and Hessian force led by Charles
Cornwallis surprises a Continental Army
outpost in New Jersey, commanded by Major
General Benjamin Lincoln at the Battle of
Bound BrookThe British Army defeats Patriot militias at the
Battle of Ridgefield, galvanising resistance in
the Connecticut ColonyRichard Brinsley Sheridan's comedy of
manners, The School for Scandal, is first
performed at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in
LondonLachlan McIntosh and Button Gwinnett shoot
each other during a duel near Savannah,
GeorgiaThe Marquis de Lafayette lands near
Georgetown, South Carolina, to help the
Continental Congress train its armyThe Stars and Stripes is adopted by the
Continental Congress as the flag of the United
StatesEncyclopædia Britannica Second Edition begins
publication in EdinburghAfter a bombardment by British artillery under
General John Burgoyne, American forces
retreat from Fort Ticonderoga, New YorkBritish forces capture over 200 of the American
rearguard from Fort Ticonderoga at the Battle
of HubbardtonThe 1777 Constitution of Vermont is signed,
officially abolishing slaveryLoyalists gain a tactical victory over Patriots at
the Battle of Oriskany; Iroquois fight on both
sidesBritish and Brunswicker forces are decisively
defeated by American troops at the Battle of
Bennington, at Walloomsac, New YorkThe Siege of Fort Stanwix is ended by
withdrawal of British forces, following a ruse by
Benedict Arnold to persuade them that a much
larger force is arrivingBritish and Hessian forces defeat an American
militia at the Battle of Cooch's Bridge, a minor
skirmish in New Castle County, DelawareThe British gain a major victory in Chester
County, Pennsylvania at the Battle of
BrandywinePatriot forces withstand a British attack at
Saratoga, New YorkBritish troops occupy Philadelphia; members of
the Continental Congress flee to Lancaster,
Pennsylvania, where they meet and hold a one
day session as the Fifth Congress before fleeing
againThe Sixth Continental Congress opens its
session at York, Pennsylvania, and continues
for 272 days until June 27, 1778Troops under George Washington are repelled
by British troops under Sir William Howe at the
Battle of GermantownBritish troops capture Fort Clinton and Fort
Montgomery (Hudson River), and are able to
dismantle the Hudson River ChainBritish General John Burgoyne is defeated by
American troops at the Second Battle of
Saratoga (Battle of Bemis Heights)British General John Burgoyne surrenders to
the American troopsAfter 16 months of debate, the Continental
Congress approves the Articles of
Confederation, in the temporary American
capital at York, PennsylvaniaThe Articles of Confederation are submitted to
the states for ratificationSan Jose, California, is foundedThe United States celebrates its first
Thanksgiving, marking October's victory by the
American rebels over British General John
Burgoyne at SaratogaGeorge Washington's Continental Army goes
into winter quarters at Valley Forge,
PennsylvaniaMorocco recognises United States as an
sovereign stateEnglish explorer Captain Cook locates Kiritimati
(Christmas Island)Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria dies
and is succeeded by his distant cousin Charles
Theodore, Elector of BavariaCaptain James Cook, with ships HMS Resolution
and HMS Discovery, first views Oahu then Kauai
in the Hawaiian Islands of the Pacific Ocean,
which he names the Sandwich IslandsSouth Carolina becomes the first state to ratify
the Articles of ConfederationGeneral John Cadwalader shoots and seriously
wounds Major General Thomas Conway in a
duel after a dispute between the two officers
over Conway's continued criticism of General
George Washington's leadership of the
Continental ArmyIn Paris, the Treaty of Alliance and the Treaty of
Amity and Commerce are signed by the United
States and France, signaling official French
recognition of the new republicFriedrich Wilhelm von Steuben arrives at Valley
Forge, Pennsylvania and begins to train the
American troopsGeorge Washington approves the dishonorable
discharge of Lieutenant Frederick Gotthold
Enslin, for "attempting to commit sodomy, with
John Monhort a soldier"Former British Prime Minister William Pitt
delivers his last speech to Parliament, and
speaks to the House of Lords "passionately but
incoherently against the granting of
independence" to the American colonies, but
collapses during the debate, and dies five
weeks laterKing George III appoints the five-member
Carlisle Peace Commission to present peace
terms to negotiate an end to the rebellion of
Britain's 13 American coloniesPériodes
The 2021 Africa Cup of Nations is held in Cameroon, with Senegal winning their first championshipThe 2022 Winter Olympics are held in Beijing, China, making it the first city ever to
host both the Summer Olympics and Winter OlympicsRussian President Vladimir Putin signs a decree
declaring the Luhansk People's Republic and
Donetsk People's Republic as independent
from Ukraine, and, despite international
condemnation and sanctions, begins a full-scale
invasion of Ukraine; at dawn on 24 February
missiles strike KyivThe 2022 Winter Paralympics are held in Beijing,
China, making it the first city to host both
Summer Paralympics and Winter ParalympicsThe Eurovision Song Contest 2022 is held in
Turin, ItalyA NATO summit is held in Madrid, Spain along
with the presence of guest countries from the
European Union and the Indo-Pacific primarily
searching for a consensual defensive
reinforcement after the Russian invasion of
Ukraine and the sustained threatening over the
territorial integrity of other countriesUEFA Women's Euro 2022 is held in England, with the hosts winning their first major tournament since 1966The 2022 World Games is held in Birmingham,
Alabama, United StatesThe 2022 Commonwealth Games is held in
Birmingham, EnglandIsrael launches airstrikes in the Gaza Strip,
killing Islamic Jihad military leader Tayseer
JabariThe 2022 Asia Cup is held in the United Arab Emirates, and is won by
Sri LankaDozens are killed as sporadic clashes occur
between Kyrgyz and Tajik troops along their
countries' respective borderThe Atlantic hurricane Fiona hits Guadeloupe,
Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, the
Lucayan Archipelago, Bermuda, and Eastern
CanadaThe 2022 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup is
held in Sydney, AustraliaHurricane Ian impacts Cuba and the United
States, causing catastrophic damage to both
nations, killing at least 157 people, 16 missing,
and leaving millions without power, including
the entire nation of CubaThe 20th National Congress of the Chinese
Communist Party is heldThe Ethiopian government and the TPLF agree to
a formal cessation of hostilities, signing a peace
agreement in Pretoria, South AfricaThe 2022 United Nations Climate Change
Conference (COP27) on climate change
mitigation takes place in Sharm el-Sheikh, EgyptThe 2022 Central American and Caribbean Beach
Games are held in Santa Marta, ColombiaThe 2022 FIFA World Cup is held in Qatar and won by ArgentinaA major winter storm hits the northern United
States and southern CanadaA major winter storm kills at least 136 people
and causes over 9.9 million power outages in the
U.SThe Dutch general elections for the House of
Representatives of the Netherlands take placeThe Eurovision Song Contest 2021 is held in
Rotterdam, Netherlands, after the cancellation
of the 2020 contest due to the COVID-19
pandemicThe UEFA Euro 2020, hosted by 11 different countries, is held, and is won by Italy after beating England on penaltiesWorld leaders meet at the 47th G7 summit,
hosted by the United Kingdom, with topics of
discussion including the COVID-19 pandemic,
climate change, and the corporate taxation of
multinationalsThe 2021 Copa América, hosted behind closed doors by Brazil, is held, and is won by ArgentinaThe 2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup is held in, and is won by, the United StatesThe 2020 Summer Olympics are held in Tokyo, JapanThe 2020 Summer Paralympics are held in Tokyo, JapanThe 2021 UEFA Nations League Finals is held in
Italy, and is won by FranceThe 2021 Czech legislative election is held, with
the main opposition coalition alliance of SPOLU
and Pirates and Mayors gaining a legislative
majorityThe 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup is held in the United Arab Emirates and Oman, and is won by AustraliaThe 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference is held in
Glasgow, after being postponed in 2020 due to COVID-19Magnus Carlsen beats Ian Nepomniachtchi in the 2021 World Chess ChampionshipThe 2021 FIFA Arab Cup is held in Qatar, and is won by AlgeriaThe Summit for Democracy, a virtual summit, is
hosted by the United States "to renew
democracy at home and confront autocracies
abroad"A late season tornado outbreak occurs in the
Southern and Midwestern United States,
causing major damage and killing at least 94
peopleThe Moscow plague riot results from an
outbreak of bubonic plague, which kills 57,000The Massachusetts Convention of Towns,
assembling in Boston, resolves on a written
objection to the impending arrival of British
troops rather than more militant action but
causes panic in LondonDavid Garrick holds a Shakespeare Jubilee
festival at Stratford-upon-Avon in EnglandFirst of two Russian occupations of Beirut,
following a naval bombardment which began on
June 18Tobias Furneaux in HMS Adventure (1771)
explores the coast of Van Diemen's LandEnglish explorer James Cook becomes the first
European to sight (and name) Palmerston Island
in the South Pacific OceanRusso-Turkish War (1768–1774)Lord Dunmore's War1774 British general electionAmerican RevolutionAmerican Revolutionary WarThe Independence Hurricane from South Carolina to Nova Scotia
kills 4,170, mostly fishermen and sailorsAmerican Patriots resist the Royal Navy on the
Savannah River; British control over the Province
of Georgia is lostThe American Continental Navy and Marines
make a successful assault on Nassau, BahamasBritish forces skirmish with the American
Continental Army around Les Cèdres, QuebecEnglish explorer Captain Cook discovers
Mangaia and Atiu in the Cook IslandsThird voyage of James CookCaptain Cook explores and maps the Pacific Northwest coast of North America, from Cape Foulweather (Oregon) to the Bering Strait
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