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April 1, 2024
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Black Movement
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Les événements
Census of 1960, U.S. population: 179,323,175, Black population: 18,871,831 (10.6 percent)
On February 1, 1960, four students from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College in Greensboro begin a sit-in at Woolworth's Drug Store to protest company policy which bans African Americans from sitting at its counters.
The Civil Rights Act of 1960 is signed into law by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on May 6. The Act established federal inspection of local voter registration rolls and introduces penalties for anyone who obstructs a citizen's attempt to register to vote or to cast a ballot.
On Nov. 8, Massachusetts Senator John F. Kennedy defeats Vice President Richard Nixon in one of the closest elections in history. Many observers credit African American voters with Kennedy's narrow margin of victory.
On May 4, seven blacks and four whites leave Washington, D.C., for the Deep South on the first Freedom Ride for the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
On October 1, James Meredith becomes the first black student to enroll at the University of Mississippi. On the day he enters the University, he is escorted by U.S. marshals after federal troops are sent in to suppress rioting and maintain order
Martin Luther King, Jr. writes his "Letter from a Birmingham Jail" on April 16
On May 3, Birmingham police use dogs and fire hoses to attack civil rights demonstrators.
Despite Governor George Wallace's vow to block the schoolhouse door to prevent their enrollment on June 11, Vivian Malone and James Hood register for classes at the University of Alabama. They are the first African American students to attend the university
Over 200,000 people gather in Washington, D.C. on August 28 as part of the March on Washington, an unprecedented demonstration demanding civil rights and equal opportunity for African Americans. Dr. Martin Luther King delivers his "I Have a Dream" speech here
Wendell Oliver Scott became the first black drive to win a major NASCAR race, the Grand National (now Winston Cup) race
Marian Anderson and Ralph Bunche are the first black winners of the Presidential Medal of Freedom
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) organizes the Mississippi Freedom Summer Project
On February 25, Cassius Clay (later Muhammad Ali) wins the first of three world heavyweight championships in a bout with Sonny Liston in Miami, Florida
Sidney Poitier wins the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance in the film, "Lilies of the Field." He is the first African American male actor to win in that category
On March 12, Malcolm X announces his break with the Nation of Islam and his founding of the Muslim Mosque in Harlem.
On June 28 Malcolm X founds the Organization of Afro-American Unity in New York City
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is passed by Congress on July 2. The act bans discrimination in all public accommodations and by employers. It also establishes the Equal Opportunity Employment Commission (EEOC) to monitor compliance with the law
Malcolm X is assassinated at the Audubon Ballroom in the Washington Heights section of Manhattan, New York on February 21
In March, the White House releases "The Negro Family: The Case for National Action," popularly known as the Moynihan Report
Maulana Karenga founds the black nationalist organization US in Los Angeles following the Watts Uprising
On January 25th Constance Baker Motley is appointed by President Lyndon Baines Johnson to the Federal Bench in New York City. She becomes the first African American woman elevated to a Federal judgeship
