History of Philosophical Thought Regarding Mind-Brain Relations:
Category: Autre
mise à jour avec succès: 5 janv. 2018
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Created byDaniella Maydan
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Les événements
Hippocrates
“…pleasure, joy and laughter,
but also sorrow, pain, grief and
tears rise from the brain,
and the brain alone…”Plato
Described the human brain
as whitish, gelatinous, and
semen-looking → said it was
the source of the mindAristotle
said that the pumping heart and
flowing mind made up the living
mind because they were quick,
moving, and alive; thought the
brain served as simply a cooling
unit (said it wasn’t lively enough
to be the source of the mind)Galen
Was a physician to the gladiators; said that rational thought is stored
in the brain, but that it also keeps flowing as a liquid source → was
referring to brain ventricles filled with cerebrospinal fluid → thought
different ventricles had different roles (front = senses,
middle = reason, & back = emotion and movement)Leonardo Da Vinci: a neuroscience experimenter
1st experiment: filled an Ox’s head with hot wax to determine the real (“inflated”) shape of a living brain
2nd experiment: mapped the ventricles again and flipped reason and sensation’s location in the brain
(front = reason, middle = senses, & back = emotion and movement)Rene Descartes
Said that mind and matter and two separate domains that interact with one another (dualism) and
therefore touch somewhere in the body (pineal gland) → believed the body functioned like a
hydraulic machine, in the sense that he believed that when nerves experience physical sensations,
they cause ripples in body fluid that travel up to the pineal gland, which then causes a psychological
sensation; said that only the mind (not the fluid) can be a soulHydraulic machine
model → electrochemical
machineDualism
Says the mind and brain
are separate but interactReductionism
Says the brain causes the
mind in a one-way causationEmergentism
Says that the mind
is a higher-order entity;
contrasts with reductionism,
as it believes there is a two-way
causation between the brain
and the mind
Analogy: ocean waves and
water moleculesPériodes
4th century B.C.2nd century B.C.15th-16th century20th century -
Modern Day
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