1236 AD: During the Reconquista, the siege of Córdoba by King Ferdinand III of Castile and León successfully ended Islamic rule over the city, which had begun in 711. This marked a significant turning point, consolidating Christian control over Al-Andalus. The conquest caused major upheaval for the Muslim population, leading to widespread displacement and persecution. It also left a lasting impact on Córdoba's cultural and architectural landscape, as the new Christian rulers integrated Islamic influences into their domains.