23 déc. 2000 - The Clinton Parameters

Description:

The Clinton Parameters were guidelines proposed in the final weeks of Bill Clinton's presidency to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Following the suspension of the 2000 Camp David Summit in July, negotiations resumed from December 19-23, 2000. The Parameters represented compromises that Clinton believed best fit the positions of both parties and were intended as a basis for further negotiations.

Presented on December 23, the Israeli government accepted the plan with reservations on December 28. On January 2, 2001, Yasser Arafat also accepted with reservations. Clinton later noted that Israeli reservations were within the Parameters, while Palestinian reservations were outside them. The Taba Summit took place three weeks later but ended inconclusively ahead of the 2001 Israeli prime ministerial election.

Background: The Parameters emerged from the failed 2000 Camp David Summit, the Second Intifada, upcoming Israeli elections, and the end of Clinton's presidency. Negotiations resumed on December 19 at Bolling Air Force Base in Washington. Clinton presented the Parameters on December 21, suggesting a Palestinian state including 94-96% of the West Bank, Israeli annexation of settlement blocks, and divided sovereignty over Jerusalem.

Details:

Territory: The Parameters proposed a Palestinian state comprising 94-96% of the West Bank and the entire Gaza Strip. Israel would annex remaining land with major settlements, containing 80% of settlers. Israel would also cede 1-3% of land to Palestinians in swaps.
Jerusalem: Israel would gain sovereignty over the Western Wall, while Palestinians would gain sovereignty over the Temple Mount with Israel retaining symbolic ownership. East Jerusalem would be divided along ethnic lines.
Refugees: Palestinians would waive the unlimited right of return to Israel proper. An international commission would address refugee resettlement, with a limited number returning to Israel.
Security: The IDF would withdraw within 36 months, replaced by an international force. Israel would maintain three radar facilities in the West Bank and have emergency deployment rights. The Palestinian state would have a strong security force but no conventional military.
Acceptance and reservations:

Israel: Mixed support, with the cabinet accepting the Parameters with reservations on December 28. Barak's reservations included rejection of Palestinian sovereignty over the Temple Mount and refugee return.
Palestinians: Arafat accepted the Parameters with reservations on January 2, 2001, seeking clarifications and expressing concerns over territorial contiguity and refugee rights.
Public opinion: Polls in late December 2000 showed mixed Israeli support for the Parameters, with significant opposition to Palestinian control of key areas and refugee return. A 2011 poll indicated growing support for a settlement based on the Parameters among Israelis and Palestinians.

Aftermath: The Taba Summit made some progress but failed to reach an agreement. The election of George W. Bush and Ariel Sharon, both opposed to the Parameters, marked the end of Clinton's efforts, with the Bush administration formally repudiating the Clinton Parameters.

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