10 janv. 1920 - League of Nations created

Description:

After the First World War , everyone wanted to avoid repeating what had just happened, and so an organisation made to solve international problems was made, the LON.

However, there were disagreements within the big three (as always) in terms of the kind of organization it should be:

- Woodrow Wilson: wanted the LON to be a world parliament, where representatives of all nations could meet regularly to decide on any matters that affected them

- British Leaders: Wanted a simple organization that would just get together for emergencies. However, an organization like this already existed at the time, it was called the Conference of Ambassadors

-France: wanted a strong league with its own army

Wilson won and insisted that discussions about a league should be a major part of the peace treaties and in 1919 he took personal charge in drawing up plans for the league.

By February he had a plan: All nations would join the league, and they would all disarm. If they had a dispute with another country they would have to take it to the league. The nations promised to accept the decision made by the league. They also promised to protect each other if they were invaded. If any members broke these rules and go to war, other members promised to stop trading with it and send troops if necessary to stop the fighting. Wilsons hoped that citizens of all countries were so against fighting that this would prevent leaders from going to war.

The plans were done in a great hurry, and some critics said it was done with "wooly" thinking. Some people thought of Wilson as ignorant, and as if he thought only he could take care of European troubles


Why did the LON end up being known as a failure?

- Selfishness of leading members (French paranoia of Germany)
- Sanctions didn't work ( Abyssinian crisis)
- Slow to act ( Manchurian crisis)
- Structure (assembly (VETO), Manchurian crisis)
- No army (can't settle arguments)
- No USA (no power, no money, no army, no sanctions)
- Wall Street crash (no money, no economic sanctions)
- Disarmament failing (Germany getting stronger, nations starting to prepare for war even though the LON was for peace)
- Extremis governments ( Nazis in Germany, fascists in Italy)
- Leaving countries ( japan, Germany, Italy)
- TOV ( people feel bad, appeasement)

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