1 janv. 1777 - John Howard publishes "The state of the Prisons in England and Wales"

Description:

Based off of his visits to the penal institutions in various parts of Europe.

Talked about the crowding, overall poor living conditions, and the disorder along with the abusive practices. He advocated that these systems should be more safe, humane, and orderly.

His opinion was that incarceration should do more than punish, but should also instill discipline and reform inmates.

Inspired the word penitentiary to refer to penal confinement facilities.

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