1 nov 1864 - Pope BI. Pius IX - 1864: A Syllabus of Errors, critiquing and rejecting modernism and "age of reason" reforms

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[--NOTE The Syllabus of Errors could be considered a document of conservative religious retrenchment, authored in the mid 1800s in reaction to advancing secularization and the diminished role of the Church in absolute political influence after events like the French Revolution. Item 55 in this document expressly names separation of church and state as one of the "errors" of the modernizing world. Today, Christian nationalists and Islamic militant governments also reject the idea of a separation between church and state -- rw ]

55. The Church ought to be separated from the .State, and the State from the Church. — Allocution “Acerbissimum,” Sept. 27, 1852.

VII. ERRORS CONCERNING NATURAL AND CHRISTIAN ETHICS

56. Moral laws do not stand in need of the divine sanction, and it is not at all necessary that human laws should be made conformable to the laws of nature and receive their power of binding from God. — Allocution “Maxima quidem,” June 9, 1862.

57. The science of philosophical things and morals and also civil laws may and ought to keep aloof from divine and ecclesiastical authority. — Ibid.

58. No other forces are to be recognized except those which reside in matter, and all the rectitude and excellence of morality ought to be placed in the accumulation and increase of riches by every possible means, and the gratification of pleasure. — Ibid.; Encyclical “Quanto conficiamur,” Aug. 10, 1863.

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