1 janv. 38 av. J.-C. - Aristotle

Description:

Aristotle was a student of Plato and the tutor of Alexander the Great and was the author of a 200 philosophical and scientific system works that became the framework for both Christian Scholasticism and medieval Islamic philosophy. His Aristotelian concepts remained embedded in Western thinking. He looked at things like biology, botany, chemistry, ethics, history, logic, metaphysics, rhetoric, philosophy of mind, philosophy of science, physics, poetics, political theory, psychology, and zoology. He took a large part of his philosophical agenda from Plato, and his teaching is more often a modification than a repudiation of Plato’s doctrines. Aristotle’s works, though not as polished as Plato’s, are systematic in a way that Plato’s never were. As the father of western logic, Aristotle was the first to develop a formal system for reasoning. He observed that the deductive validity of any argument can be determined by its structure rather than its content, for example, in the syllogism: All men are mortal; Socrates is a man; therefore, Socrates is mortal.

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