1 janv. 1912 - The Collapse of the Qing Dynasty and its Aftermath

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- February 1912: Kuomintang force the abdication of the last Qing Emperor. China is proclaimed a republic.
- The philosophy of the Kuomintang involved the “Three Principles of the People”, which called for “(1) political unification and an end to foreign influence, (2) a gradual change to democratic government with full personal liberties and rights for all Chinese people, and (3) economic improvements that included industrialization and a more equal distribution for land” (575).
- Former Qing Empire devolves into dozens of small states ruled by warlords with their own private militaries. The Nationalists were beset with a seemingly-endless struggle against the warlords that had claimed various parts of China for themselves.

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