21 oct. 1962 - Cuban missile crisis
(Oct. 1962)
Description:
(1962) confrontation btwn US & USSR over Soviet missiles in Cuba;
JFK & Khrushchev playing "nuclear chicken", JFK rejected air force proposal for "surgical" bombing, (Oct 22 1962) orders naval quarantine of Cuba, demanded immediate removal of threatening weaponry; Told Khrushchev that any attack on US from Cuba → nuclear retaliation against Russia;
US waited while USSR ships approached patrol line est by US Navy off Cuba, Ground forces in Cuba already had nuclear weapon, authorized to launch if US attack;
(Oct. 28) Khrushchev agrees to pull missiles out of Cuba, US agreed to end quarantine, not invade Cuba, remove some missiles from Turkey;
Fallout from this event → Khrushchev removed from Kremlin; Gov't in Moscow never wanted to be humiliated again in nuclear stand-off→ launched program of military expansion;
Negotiations → prohibiting trial nuclear explosions in atmosphere (late 1963);
Installation (Aug 1963) of Moscow-Washington hotline - permitted immediate comm in crisis
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