Hudson's Bay Company formed creating a monopoly over the region (Rupert's Land).
Indigenous technology and knowledge of hunting, trapping, guiding, food, and disease prove crucial to the survival of Europeans and early colonial economy and society, particularly in the supply of beaver pelts and other furs. The establishment of alliances gives Indigenous peoples access to European weaponry and other goods.
The Hudson’s Bay Company is established by English Royal Charter, forming a monopoly and increasing the volume of goods in the fur trade.