1 janv. 1969 - ARPANET - The first version of what became the Internet.
Description:
The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the US Defense Department was and is still the main funder of computer science research in the United States. In the late 1960s through the early 1980s they supported the development of a network connecting mainly universities with ARPA-funded projects, along with a few military bases. The initial network in 1969 consisted of four computers, three in California and one in Utah. At its peak, around 1981, there were about 200 computers on the net. With such a small number of computers, each of them knew the name and "host number" of all the others. Special gateway computers called IMPs (Interface Message Processors) were used to connect the host computers to the network, like a router today.
Only organizations with ARPA research grants could be on the net. This meant almost all the network sites were universities, along with a small number of technology companies doing work for ARPA. Everyone knew everyone, and so the network was built around trust. People were encouraged to use other sites' resources; there was a yearly published directory of all the network computers, including, for most of them, information on how to log in as a guest user. It was a much friendlier spirit than today's Internet, with millions of computers and millions of users who don't know or trust each other. But the friendly spirit was possible only because access to the ARPANET was strongly restricted.
The architects of the ARPANET knew that a system requiring every computer to know the address of every other computer wasn't going to work for a network accessible to everyone. Their plan was to build a network of networks—the Internet. The TCP/IP protocol stack was designed and tested on the ARPANET.
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History of Computers
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