1 janv. 1908 - Polio

Description:

Polio was first described in Egypt in 1580-1350 BCE. It was a major public health threat only in the last 100 years. In 1916 there were 27,000 cases with >6,000 deaths; almost all under the age of five in the US. It was unclear how it spread and there was no way to protect against the infection. It created a panic because of the that of death and disability it caused. It caused Infantile Paralysis which less than 1% suffer from permanent paralysis. The virus attacks and replicates cells in the central nervous system and those cells can;t regenerate causing permanent damage. 5-10% of those who are paralyzed die due to respiratory failure. The older you were, the more at risk you were for death although children under 5 years of age were most at risk. Inactive Polio Vaccine (IPV) prevents the spread of poliovirus to the CNS and induces only very low levels of immunity to poliovirus inside the gut. The advantages were that it is not a "live" virus meaning there is no risk of vaccine-associated polio paralysis and is triggers an excellent response of the immune system in most IPV recipients. The disadvantages are that it induces only a little immunity in the intestinal tract, price is over five times more than OPV, and you need medically trained staff for injection. Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) protects from polio paralysis by preventing the spread of poliovirus to CNS and the local immune response in mucous member of the intestines prevents infection. The advantages of OPV are the oral administration, relatively inexpensive, and 'passive' immunization. The disadvantages are that in extremely rare cases the live attenuated vaccine virus in OPV can cause paralysis and immune deficiency of the recipient may be among the causes. The symptoms of non-paralytic polio are fever, sore throat, headache, vomiting, fatigue, and meningitis. Symptoms of paralytic polio are loss of reflexes, severe spasms, muscles pain, loose & floppy limbs, sudden temporary or permanent paralysis, and deformed limbs.

Ajouté au bande de temps:

Date:

Les images: