1 janv. 1917 - Robert Millikan
Description:
Robert Millikan measured the charge of an electron. To do so, Millikan used the atomizer from a perfume bottle to spray water droplets into a chamber. Some droplets fell through a pinhole between two plates of an electric field, where they could be observed through a microscope. X-rays were then used to remove electrons from air molecules. Droplets that did not capture one of these electrons fell to the bottom of the chamber while droplets that captured one or more electrons were attracted to the positive plate at the top of the viewing chamber and either fell more slowly or rose toward the top. By studying individual droplets, Millikan was able to show that the charge on a drop was always an integral multiple of a small, but finite value. When his data was converted to SI units, the charge on a drop was always near 1.59 x 10^19 coulombs.
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