jan 1, 1877 - End of the Reconstruction

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When the war ended, the South was in a state of chaos.
The only stable institution was the US army, the only protection that ppl could get.

In the summer, the army supervised the election of local councils.

Need for presidential leadership.

Reconstruction ended for the safe of a political calculation only. This prove to have long standing consequences because for the next 90 years, blacks wll be excluded from social and political life in the South. Eventually, the actual reconstruction took place in the 1860's (Civil Right Movement), one century after the end of the Civil War.

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