feb 1, 1861 - Emancipation of Serfs in Russia

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A landmark reform in 1861, officially abolished serfdom in Russia, freeing millions from a system that treated them akin to property. Tsar Alexander II initiated the reform, recognizing the need for change after the Crimean War. While serfs gained freedom, they were also placed under the control of village communities, which limited their independence and economic opportunities.

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