Self Strengthening Movement (1 Jan 1861 Jahr – 1 Jan 1895 Jahr)

Beschreibung:

Also known as the Westernization or Western Affairs Movement or Tongzhi Restoration, the Self Strengthening Movement was a period of institutional reforms initiated in China during the late Qing dynasty following the military disasters of the Opium Wars against the British Empire and the vast internal devastation of the Taiping and other concurrent rebellions.

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