Russo-Japanese War (8 Feb 1904 Jahr – 5 Sept 1905 Jahr)

Beschreibung:

Russia sought a warm-water port on the Pacific Ocean for its navy and for maritime trade. Vladivostok was operational only during the summer, whereas Port Arthur, a naval base in Liaodong Province leased to Russia by China, was operational all year.

Since the end of the Sino-French War in 1885, Japan feared Russian encroachment on its sphere of influence. Seeing Russia as a rival, Japan offered to recognize Russian dominance in Manchuria in exchange for recognition of Korea as being within the Japanese sphere of influence. Russia refused and demanded Korea north of the 39th parallel to be a neutral buffer zone between Russia and Japan.

After negotiations broke down in 1904, the Japanese Navy opened hostilities by attacking the Russian Eastern Fleet at Port Arthur. Russia suffered multiple defeats by Japan, but the Tsar was convinced that Russia would win and chose to remain engaged in the war. The defeats of the Russian Army and Navy shook up Russian confidence. Throughout 1905, the Imperial Russian government was rocked by revolution.

In 1905, the Tsar accepted that Russia had lost and made peace in September. The Treaty of Portsmouth saw Russia cede the Liaodong Peninsula, South Sakhalin Island, and the north Kuril Islands to the Japanese.

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