Algerian War (1 Jun 1954 Jahr – 1 Okt 1962 Jahr)

Beschreibung:

Event: Algerian War for independence, (Algerian Victory)
Geography: Algeria, urban and rural settings, mountain warfare
Duration: 1954–1962
Warring Factions:
France: Fourth and Fifth Republics, auxiliary groups such as La Main Rouge, French Algerian Front, Organisation Armée Secrète (LMR and OAS being French terrorist groups working against Algerian independence, being operated by French intelligence and a far-right French dissident group, respectively)
Algeria: National Liberation Front (FLN), Algerian Communist Party (ACP, initially an offshoot of the French Communist Party. While focused officially on non-violence, in the later stages of the war would merge its armed wing with the FLN, after having discreetly supplied arms through the FLN’s earlier years.
Supports:
French side self sustained
Algerian FLN appealed to communist bloc for support, as did ALN
Most meaningful contributions from USSR and China
Many newly independent nations offered symbolic support
Cuba
Local organizations in Tunisia, Morocco, Libya, Egypt helped smuggle in weapons, aid, radio equipment
Radio stations in Egypt, Tunisia, Syria, Yugoslavia helped spread FLN news to combat French narratives
Internationalization strategy would be adopted by other liberation movements, such as PLO and ANC
Description: The war that ended the French colonial empire and granted Algeria independence after a 130-year long struggle. After French promises for greater self-rule post WWII went unfulfilled, Algerians began to organize liberation movements such as the FLN. Guerilla warfare characterized the conflict, based in the countryside, mountains, and in the old-towns of major cities, much of the fighting and many attacks on settlers took place in the European quarters of the cities, such as those in the Battle for Algiers. Brutality from the French in the form of disproportionate action became a characteristic of the war, after the reluctant acceptance of terrorism by the FLN to counter similar practices by the French. Resistance was carried out nonviolently as well by most Algerians, strongly demoralizing French occupiers through the demonstration of a united majority Algerian rejection of their presence. Some of these forms ranged from smuggling of supplies and weapons for fighters, to boycotting French news (paper and radio), from conveying FLN radio correspondence to changing trends of women’s dress according to what would best benefit the resistance and to spite the French. After De Gaulle’s announcement in 1959 that Algerians had the right to self-determination, numerous assassination attempts against him occurred, from OAS and other French (and Algerian) anti-Algerian independence groups, as well as an attempted coup by pro-French Algeria elements of the French Army.

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