Period 3 (1754-1800) (1 Jan 1754 Jahr – 31 Dez 1800 Jahr)

Beschreibung:

American/National Identity:
-Development of a unique American identify encouraged independence from Britain, influenced by Enlightenment.
-American Citizen still white, wealthy despite Declaration of Independence ("All men are created equal.")

Politics and Power:
-Debate with Britain over Direct Representation vs. Virtual Representation. Taxes passed without direct representation led to war.
-First American government: Articles of Confederation (weak; no power to tax, raise army, etc.)
-Articles of Confederation replaced with Constitution (stronger central government)
-Federalists (pro-constitution) vs. Anti-Federalists (anti-constitution) debate new government.
-First Party System in America: Federalists (stronger central government, loose construction, pro-British, led by Alexander Hamilton) vs. Democratic-Republicans (weaker central government, strict construction, pro-French, led by Thomas Jefferson).

Work, Technology, and Exchange:
-End of "salutary neglect" as English government takes more control over colonial economy and trade; this led to war.
-Slavery gradually abolished in the north after Revolution, continues to expand in the South thanks to the cotton gin.

Culture and Society:
-Enlightenment has heavy influence on Revolution; initially only impacting upper class, spreads to everyone via Common Sense by Thomas Paine.
-Women play role in Revolution, but not considered citizens (can't vote, participate in politics). Instead, Republican Motherhood says they are to educate their sons on how to be good citizens.

Migration/Settlement:
-Continued push against western frontier for land led to conflict with Natives (Pontiac's Rebellion) and British government (Proclamation of 1763).
-Continued importation of African slaves, especially in the South.

Geography/Environment:
-End of freely available land east pushes lower class west in hopes of a better life.
-Growing divide between coastal elite (tended to be Federalists) vs. poorer westerners (tended to be Democratic-Republicans).

America in the World:
-Emergence of the USA as an independent power.
-Wins Revolution thanks to alliance with France, but some (Federalists) prefer reconciling with Britain.
-American policy of neutrality is established (Proclamation of Neutrality, Washington's Farewell Address).

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