ANCHOR Historical: Dated Synchronisms for Founding of Carthage (1 Jan 884 Jahr v. Chr. – 1 Jan 850 Jahr v. Chr.)

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DATING OF THE FOUNDATION OF CARTHAGE by Gerard Gertoux

The dates of the founding of Carthage which come from synchronisms are within a fairly narrow margin: 867 BCE +/- 17. This small difference proves that these historians were aware approximately when this event occurred.

Velleius Paterculus, for example, states that the founding of Carthage coincided with Lycurgus (Roman History I:6), the famous king of Sparta who reigned 159 years before the Olympics (in -884)...

According to Tatian, Lycurgus legislated 100 years before the Olympics, or -876 (Discourses to Greeks XLI).

Likewise, Thucydides (The Peloponnesian War VI:2) mentions Carthage when the Greeks arrived in Sicily, three centuries after the Trojan War, or -884 (= -1184 + 300).

To sum up, the founding of Carthage was situated, thanks to some dated synchronisms, when:
* after -884: the Greeks arrived in Sicily, three centuries after the Trojan War (in -1184), according to Thucydides (The Peloponnesian War VI:2).
* around -876: Lycurgus lived, according to Velleius Paterculus (Roman History I:6) and legislated 100 years before the Olympics, according to Tatian (Discourses to Greeks XLI).
*before-860: the Phoenicians settled on the Mediterranean coast, 5 generations before the Greek colonization (which started around -700), according to Herodotus (The Histories II:44; V:46; VI:47), who stated that 3 generations equal 100 years (The Histories II:142).
* before -850: Phoenicians occupied Libya before Homer died, according to Strabo (Geography III:2:14). Homer lived 400 years before Herodotus (The Histories IV:53).

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Wikipedia contributors. (2023, July 27). Lycurgus (lawgiver). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 18:58, October 9, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lycurgus_(lawgiver)&oldid=1167396554

Some scholars think the most plausible date is indicated by Thucydides, who said that in his time the Spartan constitution was over four hundred years old. This would imply a date for Lycurgus, or at least for the reforms attributed to him, of the last quarter of the 9th century BC.

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