r. Charles V (Charles I) (1 Jan 1519 Jahr – 1 Jan 1556 Jahr)

Beschreibung:

Charles V was the Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain from 1516 to 1556 as Charles I, and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy from 1506 to 1555. He was able to limit the spread of Protestantism in the Netherlands.

Charles vehemently defended Catholicism during a time when Protestantism was spreading, and religious wars ensued. Switzerland, which was made up of 13 territories called cantons, saw fighting. Zwingli was killed on the battlefield, and eventually, both sides sought peace. A treaty allowed cantons to determine religion.

Charles tried to halt religious division and called an Imperial Diet in 1530. The Lutherans developed the Augsburg Confession, an important statement of faith. Charles refused it and ordered all Protestants to return confiscated church property. Protestant territories formed a military alliance. Charles could not respond as he was busy in the Habsburg-Valois Wars and in conflicts with the Ottoman Turks. Fighting began, and Charles was initially successful. Eventually, the two sides agreed to the Peace of Augsburg.

Charles V also oversaw the colonization of Spain, and to an extent, Germany. He responded to complaints about the abuse of the Spanish Encomienda system with the New Laws in 1542, which set limits on the authority of Encomienda holders. It recognized indigenous people who accepted Christianity and Spanish rule as free subjects of the Spanish crown, but this was seldom enforced. It also authorized the beginning of the transatlantic slave trade.

Charles abdicated his throne in 1556.

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