Ottoman Empire (1 Jan 1299 Jahr – 1 Jan 1922 Jahr)

Beschreibung:

Gunpowder empire (Sunni Islam)

Mehmed II captures Constantinople, renames to Istanbul and establishes capital
*prospered due to trade: only strait linking the Aegean sea to the Black Sea
Mehmed strengthened the navy and attacked Italy, forcing them to pay a yearly tax

When the Mamluk Dynasty declined, Istanbul becomes a center for Islam.

Ottomans use system called devshirme= converted Christian boys recruited by force from conquered lands

Janissaries=elite force of devshirme (provided path of upwards mobility, even if technically "slaves")

Ottoman empire reached its peak under Suleiman I (1526-1529), overrunning Hungary in 1526 and reaching Vienna in 1529

Suleiman also built many Islamic buildings, and reformed the empire's legal system (known as the lawgiver

Economy:
Controlled gold and slave trade, burdened agricultural villages with corrupt tax collectors (burden of taxes+military=one reason for later decline)

Had trade agreements with France, but they ultimately diminished Ottoman profits.

Social:
Warrior aristocracy. Janissaries held lots of power, sometimes even attempting a coup against the sultans.

Relative tolerance towards Jews and Christians. Allowed to live, but had to pay extra tax. Elite always=Muslim

Decline:
After Suleiman, Spaniards and Venetians defeat Ottoman in naval conflict (battle of Lepanto). After this, weak sultans and strong neighbors lead to significant decline ("Sick Man of Europe"). Army failed to modernize + Janissary revolts. In the First Balkan War, Ottomans lose all of their balkan territory. (see treat of sevres for more)



Side note: Women had a relatively large social and political role in Ottoman empire, and often held Suleiman's successors hostage to harem politics, thus becoming powerful behind the scenes.

Zugefügt zum Band der Zeit:

Datum:

Abbildungen: